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FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893

PUBLICATION 294
BOTANICAL SERIES VOL. VIII, No. 5

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS V

BY

PAUL C. STANDLEY

ASSOCIATE CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

B. E. DAHLGREN

ACTING CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OP BOTANY
EDITOR

CHICAGO, U. S. A.
JUNE 25, 1931

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS V

PAUL C. STANDLEY

Like the preceding papers of this series, the present one is devoted
mainly to tropical American Rubiaceae. During the past few
months the writer has been fortunate in receiving several thousand
specimens in this group, and the results of their partial study appear
upon the following pages.

Many of the new species described have been discovered in col-
lections gathered recently in eastern Peru, especially in those made
for Field Museum by Llewelyn Williams, and in others brought
together by G. Klug. Still further new Peruvian Rubiaceae have
been found in the collection made in the same region by Ellsworth
P. Killip and A. C. Smith for the Smithsonian Institution, and in
older Peruvian series received on loan from Berlin-Dahlem.

The majority of the Rubiaceae described here are the result of
examination of more than 4,000 sheets lent by various European
herbaria: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Riksmuseets Botaniska
Afdelning, Stockholm; Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; and
the Jardin Botanique Principal, Leningrad. To the curators of these
herbaria the writer is deeply indebted for the generous loan of so
large an amount of valuable material.

The collections thus received on loan consisted almost wholly
of unnamed specimens, but many of the latter were found to be
duplicate types or otherwise historical specimens. Others were
associable with described species, but many proved to represent
species quite new to science. Although the most recent collections
have been found richest in new species, it is somewhat surprising to
learn that series collected fifty years ago or even earlier contain many
plants which never have been given names.

The finest series of Rubiaceae received for study by the writer
consisted of about 700 sheets collected chiefly in the State of Parana,
Brazil, by the late P. Duse"n, and forwarded on loan from Stockholm
through the courtesy of Dr. Gunnar Samuelsson. The specimens were
so admirably prepared and mounted that it was more than an ordinary
pleasure to study them. They afforded a substantial number of
undescribed species, represented by ample and complete material,
and also many extensions of range for previously described species.

295

296 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

The loans received from Berlin-Dahlem included much recent
material of high interest, especially from Brazil and eastern Peru.
The Bolivian specimens already have been cited in The Rubiaceae of
Bolivia. The specimens lent from Kew, Paris, and Leningrad were
particularly valuable because of the many early collections amply
represented among them.

Of the plants discussed on the following pages in families other
than the Rubiaceae the most interesting and important are those
obtained by William A. Schipp in British Honduras. Mr. Schipp's
later collections have been no less varied than his former ones, and
they have made a large addition to our knowledge of the British
Honduran flora. Especially noteworthy are the four new species of
Psidium or guava which he has discovered in the coastal pinelands.

Study of recent South American material of the Nyctaginaceae
has revealed several new species from Peru, and necessitated an
unfortunately large number of changes in nomenclature. There is
presented, also, a long list of grasses which are additions to the known
flora of Peru.

Unless otherwise indicated, the specimens cited on the following
pages are in the herbarium of Field Museum.

ADDITIONS TO THE FLORA OF THE LANCETILLA
VALLEY, HONDURAS

Too late for record in the recently published Flora of the Lancetitta
Valley (Field Mus. Bot. 10. 1930), there was received for determina-
tion from Professor H. H. Bartlett of the University of Michigan a
collection of plants made by Professor A. M. Chickering in the Tela
region of Honduras. The collection includes two species, Bauhinia
hondurensis and Lysiostyles sericea, described as new on subsequent
pages, and the following species which were not included in the
published flora:

Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth. Progreso, Chickering 91.
This common water hyacinth of Central America must be plentiful
in the Tela region, and it is difficult to understand how it escaped
record there.

Tillandsia juncea LeConte. Near Lancetilla, Chickering 122.

Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. Lancetilla, Chickering 207.
A prostrate or creeping plant with white flowers.

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 297

Ouratea nitida (Sw.) Engl. Tela, a small tree behind the beach,
Chickering 4.6.

Cereus minutiflorus (Britt. & Rose) Vaupel. An epiphyte
on trees near Lancetilla, Chickering 65. Flowers white and pink.

Merinthopodium neuranthum (Hemsl.) Bonn. Smith. In
deep forest along the river, Lancetilla, Chickering 194- The
collector states that the plant is a medium-sized tree, but doubtless
the statement is the result of incorrect observation, for the plant is
ordinarily an epiphytic shrub.

GRAMINEAE

The majority of the grasses mentioned on the following pages
are additions to the flora of Peru, which have been noted in the
course of preparing an account of the family as it is represented in that
country. Recent collectors in Peru have not devoted special atten-
tion to the grasses, in fact their collections appear to be rather
deficient in these plants, yet their work has added a substantial
number of species to the known flora of the country. Most of the
specimens here cited have been determined by Dr. A. S. Hitchcock
or Mrs. Agnes Chase.

Andropogon leucostachyus HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 187.
1816.

Reported heretofore from Ecuador and Bolivia, but not from
Peru. One collection from the last country has been seen by the
writer: Peru: In pasture, Chachapoyas, Dept. Amazonas, 2,700 m.,
January, 1930, Williams 7540.

Andropogon saccharoides Sw., var. parvispiculus (Hitchc.),
comb. nov. A. saccharoides subsp. parvispicultis Hitchc. Contr.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 24: 497. 1927.

Aristida capillacea Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 156. 1791.

Reported previously from Ecuador and Bolivia, and therefore
to be expected in Peru. The following specimen represents the
species: Peru: Pampalca, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, Dept.
Ayacucho, May, 1929, Killip & Smith 22216.

Aristida torta (Nees) Kunth, Enum. PI. 1: 190. 1833. Chaetaria
torta Nees, Agrost. Bras. 386. 1829.

The species is known to range from Brazil to Costa Rica, but it
has not been reported from the central Andes. The following

298 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

collection extends the range: Peru: Open dry upland, San Roque,
Dept. San Martin, 1,400 m., February, 1930, Williams 7765.

Axonopus aureus Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 12. 1812.
New to the flora of Peru: San Roque, fairly abundant, 1,400 m.,
February, 1930, Williams 7764.

Briza mpnandra (Hack.) Pilger, var. condensata, var. nov.
A forma typica differt culmis paullo robustioribus, paniculis angustis
condensatis fere spiciformibus 2-5 cm. longis 5-6 mm. latis, ramis
primariis valde abbreviatis subadpressis, spiculis subsessilibus.
Peru : In loose clumps on rock ledges, northeastern exposure, Huaron,
alt. 4,200 m., June 12, 1922, Macbride & Featherstone 1154 (Herb.
Field Mus. No. 517,665, type).

In the usual form of the species the panicles are loose and open,
with slender spreading branches, and the spikelets are on long
filiform pedicels.

In Hitchcock's account of the grasses of the central Andes
(Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 24: 334. 1927), the name Briza Mandoniana
is used for Briza monandra, but, as has been pointed out by Pilger,
and as the synonymy cited by Hitchcock clearly shows, the latter
name is the proper one for the species.

Cenchrus viridis Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 301. 1825.

Although a common and weedy grass of the lowlands of tropical
America, this species seems not to be recorded from Peru. The
following recent collections establish its occurrence there: Tarapoto,
Williams 5464- Puerto Arturo, Yurimaguas, Williams 5005. Iquitos,
common, Williams 8073.

Cenchrus pilosus HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 116. pi. 36. 1816.

In the central Andes Hitchcock has reported this sandbur only
from the coast of Ecuador. It may now be placed on record as a
member of the Peruvian flora: Dept. Piura, common along water-
courses, Haught 168, F76.

Chloris polydactyla (L.) Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 26. 1788.
Andropogon polydactylon L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1483. 1763.

A species of wide distribution, but new to the flora of Peru
(Department of San Martin) : Morales, Tarapoto, December, 1929,
Williams 5650. Tarapoto, Williams 5747.

Echinochloa polystachya (HBK.) Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 22: 135. 1920. Oplismenus polystachyus HBK. Nov. Gen. &
Sp. 1:107. 1816.

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 299

This grass is not listed by Hitchcock in his enumeration of The
Grasses of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, but the following collection
may now be reported from Peru: Iquitos, April 9, 1930, Llewelyn
Williams 8247. Vernacular name, "gamalote."

Eragrostis acutiflora (HBK.) Nees, Agrost. Bras. 501. 1829.
Poa acutiflora HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 161. 1816.

The species is not reported from the central Andes by Hitchcock,
but the following specimen is at hand from Peru : Tarapoto, common,
December, 1929, Williams 5791.

Gymnopogon foliosus (Willd.) Nees, Agrost. Bras. 426. 1829.
Chloris foliosa Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 924. 1806.

The plant is not reported from any part of the central Andes by
Hitchcock. The following collection of recent date is at hand from
Peru: Lamas, Dept. San Martin, 840 m., December 19, 1929, Williams
6461.

Homolepis aturensis (HBK.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington 24: 146. 1911. Panicum aturense HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1:
103. pi. 33. 1816.

This species is not recorded from Peru, but the following recent
specimens may now be listed : Peru (Department of Loreto) : Caballo-
Cocha, Williams 2205. Iquitos, Williams 7964. Lower Rio Nanay,
Williams 311. Fortaleza, Yurimaguas, Williams 4210. Nanay Hills,
Williams 262. Vernacular name, "toro urcu."

Hymenachne donacifolia (Raddi) Chase, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci. 13: 177. 1923. Panicum donacifolium Raddi, Agrost.
Bras. 44. 1823.

In the central Andes this aquatic grass has been reported from
Ecuador, but it may now be placed on record also from Peru:
Manfinfa, on the upper Rio Nanay, June, 1929, Williams 1132. La
Victoria, Dept. Loreto, Williams 3094. Santa Rosa, below Yuri-
maguas, 135 m., Killip & Smith 28986.

Lasiacis procerrima (Hack.) Hitchc. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington 24: 145. 1911. Panicum procerrimum Hack. Oesterr. Bot.
Zeitschr. 51:431.1901.

Hitchcock in his account of the grasses of Central America
(Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 24: 664. 1930) states that this species
ranges from Mexico to Venezuela. The following specimens, there-
fore, represent a great extension of range: Peru: Tarapoto, Dept.
San Martin, in forest, December, 1929, Williams 6081, 6611.

300 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Leptochloa virgata (L.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 166. 1812. Cyno-
surus virgatus L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 87. 1759.

An addition to the flora of Peru (Department of Loreto): La
Victoria, Williams 2892. Paraiso, Alto Itaya, Williams 3221.

Leptochloa scabra Nees, Agrost. Bras. 435. 1829.

This species, also, is not recorded for Peru, but it is represented
by the following collection: Department of Loreto: Leticia, Septem-
ber 4, 1929, Williams 3066.

Leptochloa filiformis (Lam.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 166. 1812.
Festuca filiformis Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 191. 1791.

This species, likewise, may be recorded from Peru on the basis
of recent collections: Department of Loreto: Huallaga, Yurimaguas,
at edge of forest or in abandoned land, November, 1929, Williams
4645, 4646, 4643. Vernacular name, "nudillo."

Olyra surinamensis Hochst. ex Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. 1: 36.
1854.

The species has been recorded heretofore only from the Guianas.
The following collection, therefore, represents a notable extension of
range: Peru: Timbuchi, on the Rio Nanay, Dept. Loreto, in water in
forest, June, 1929, Wittiams 1043.

Oryza latifolia Desv. Journ. de Bot. Desv. 1: 77. 1813.

Although a common grass in many parts of the tropical American
lowlands, where it grows usually in shallow water, this has not been
reported from Peru. The following recent collections are available:
Peru (Department of Loreto) : La Victoria, edge of forest, September,
1929, Williams 3093. Rio Masana, May, 1929, Williams 2. Iquitos,
March, 1930, Williams 8087. Vernacular name, "gramalote."

This is a native American grass, but it is remarkable how
very close it is in all characters to cultivated rice, Oryza saliva.
The latter is said to be an annual, and 0. latifolia a perennial. The
duration of the plant usually can not be determined from herbarium
specimens, and the other characters seem to be decidedly indefinite,
so much so that the best authorities upon grasses make evident
mistakes in determining herbarium specimens of the two supposed
species.

Panicum cyanescens Nees, Agrost. Bras. 220. 1829.

The species is not listed by Hitchcock for the central Andes, but
it may now be reported from Peru: San Roque, Dept. San Martin,
1,400 m., January and February, 1930, Williams 7671, 7435.

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 301

Panicum fasciculatum Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 22. 1788.

A common weedy grass, widely dispersed in tropical America,
but new for Peru: On the Tablazo, north of Parinas Valley, Dept.
Piura, March, 1929, Oscar Haught F135.

Panicum megiston Schult. Mant. 2: 248. 1824.

Reported from Ecuador and Bolivia, but not from Peru. The
following collections are at hand: Peru (Department of Loreto):
Caballo-Cocha, on the Amazon, August, 1929, Williams 2466. La
Victoria, on the Amazon, in forest, August, 1929, Williams 2821+.

Panicum quadriglume (Doell) Hitchc. Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 24: 460. 1927. P. cayennense var. quadriglume Doell in Mart.
Fl. Bras. 2 2 : 220. 1877.

Reported previously from Bolivia, but not known elsewhere in
the central Andes. The following collection may be recorded: Peru:
Tarapoto, Dept. San Martin, edge of path, 750 m., December, 1929,
Williams 5800.

Panicum pilosum Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 22. 1788.

A common weedy grass of tropical America, but not listed hereto-
fore from Peru: Yurimaguas, Dept. Junin, 135 m., Aug.-Sept., 1929,
Kittip & Smith 28207. Palta-Cocha, upper Rio Nanay, Dept.
Loreto, July, 1929, Williams 1268. Lower Rio Nanay, May, 1929,
Williams 382. Timbuchi, Rio Nanay, Dept. Loreto, June, 1929,
Williams 861. San Roque, Dept. San Martin, 1,400 m., Williams
7287. Vernacular name, "tarro-urcu."

Panicum pantrichum Hack. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 1915:
72. 1915.

Reported already from Bolivia and Ecuador, this may be recorded
now from Peru: Tarapoto, Dept. San Martin, 750 m., December,
1929, Williams 5877.

Paspalum minus Fourn. Mex. PI. 2: 6. 1886.

The species was not listed by Hitchcock from the central Andes,
but it has been reported since from Bolivia. It may be recorded
also from Peru: Iquitos, Dept. Loreto, 100 m., in waste places,
August, 1929, Kittip & Smith 26906.

Paspalum repens Berg. Act. Helv. Phys. Math. 7: 129. pi. 7.
1772.

302 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Recorded from Ecuador, but not elsewhere in the central Andes.
The following specimens are from Peru (Department of Loreto):
Lower Rio Nanay, in water, May, 1929, Williams 509. Pebas, July,
1929, Williams 1856. Vernacular name, "gramalote."

Paspalum prostratum Scribn. & Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div.
Agrost. Bull. 24: 9. 1900.

A Mexican species, recorded from Bolivia. The following col-
lection shows that its range includes Peru: Pampalca, between
Huanta and Rio Apurimac, Dept. Ayacucho, 3,200 m., open hillside,
May, 1929, Kittip & Smith 22215.

Paspalum microstachyum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 215. 1830.

Listed from Ecuador, but new for the flora of Peru: Huallaga,
Yurimaguas, Dept. Loreto, a weed in abandoned land, November,
1929, Williams 4636.

Paspalum notatum Fliigge, Monogr. Pasp. 106. 1810.

For some reason this species was not listed from Peru, although
the following collection was available when Hitchcock's Grasses
of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia was published: Huanuco, 2,100 m.,
forming tough clumps along ditch, April, 1923, Macbride 3519.

Paspalum plicatulum Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 45. 1803.

A recently collected addition to the flora of Peru: Aina, between
Huanta and Rio Apurimac, Dept. Ayacucho, 750-1,000 m., in clear-
ing, Killip & Smith 22604'

Pharus latifolius L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1269. 1759.

The species is not listed from Peru, but the following material is
representative: Department of Loreto: Puerto Arturo, Yurimaguas,
in forest, Williams 5140. Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, in forest, Klug
214- Vernacular name, "paufil chaqui."

Sporobolus argutus (Nees) Kunth, Enum. PI. 1: 215. 1833.
Vilfa arguta Nees, Agrost. Bras. 395. 1829.

Since it had been collected in both Ecuador and Bolivia, this grass
was to be expected in Peru, but it was not obtained there until
recently: Parinas Valley, Dept. Piura, April, 1929, Haught F90.
Near the Amotape Hills, especially around La Bua, December,
1928, Haught F90.

Sporobolus purpurascens (Sw.) Hamilt. Prodr. Ind. Occ. 5.
1825. Agrostis purpurascens Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 25. 1788.

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 303

Reported in the central Andes from Ecuador, and occurring also
in Peru: San Roque, Dept. San Martin, 1,400 m., in pasture, January,
1930, WiUiams 7533.

Trichachne insularis (L.) Nees. Agrost. Bras. 86. 1829.
Andropogon insularis L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1304. 1759.

One of the common weedy grasses of lowland tropical America,
but not recorded from Peru. The following specimen has been
obtained recently: Department of San Martin: In pasture, Tarapoto,
750 m., December, 1929, Williams 5599.

Digitaria horizontalis Willd. Enum. PL 92. 1809.

This, also, is a common tropical weed, but it has not been listed
previously from this country: Peru: In clearing, Santa Rosa, Dept.
Loreto, 135 m., September, 1929, Killip & Smith 28867.

Andropogon bicornis L. One of the common grasses of Central
America, frequenting habitats such as are common in British Hon-
duras, this well-known species is not recorded from that country in
Hitchcock's recent account of the grasses of Central America (Contr.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 24, pt. 9. 1930). The following collection, therefore,
deserves to be placed on record: British Honduras: All Pines, at sea
level, common in open places, September, 1930, W. A. Schipp 654..

Phragmites communis Trin. The common reed is not listed
for British Honduras by Hitchcock in The Grasses of Central America,
although naturally so widely distributed a grass would be expected
there. The following collection is in the herbarium of Field Museum :
Stann Creek, in mangrove swamp, common, December, 1929, W. A.
Schipp 511.

Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze. This grass, like-
wise, may be reported as a member of the flora of British Honduras:
Stann Creek, open places, December, 1929, W. A. Schipp 501.

MORACEAE

Pourouma aspera Tre"cul. Although a common tree in many
places along the Atlantic coast of Central America, this relative of
the Cecropias is not known to reach Mexico. Apparently a northern
record for it is established by a recent collection: British Honduras:
Maya Mounds, near the Cockscomb Mountains, 150 m., June, 1930,
W. A. Schipp S127; a tree 12 m. high, in forest, the trunk 25 cm. in
diameter; common; fruits black; known locally as "trumpet."

304 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

NYCTAGINAGEAE

Recent study of the South American plants referred to the genus
Mirabilis convinces the writer that it is necessary to combine in a
single genus the plants that in the United States have been referred
to Mirabilis, Oxybaphus, Hesperonia, Quamoclidion, and Allioniella.
If only the species native in the United States are considered, these
groups seem to possess characters that separate them satisfactorily.
When, however, the South American, and especially the Peruvian
species are taken into account, the supposedly distinctive generic
characters break down. No one of the characters, such as the number
of flowers in the involucre, form of the fruit, or shape of the perianth,
seems to be constantly associated with other distinctive characters
throughout the range of the group. If the genus Mirabilis is divided,
the nine species occurring in Peru, in spite of the fact that they
evidently are closely related, would fall into four genera, clearly an
unreasonable and illogical division.

It is, in a way, unfortunate that the genus Oxybaphus, almost
always kept distinct by North American botanists, must be merged
with Mirabilis, typified by the common garden four-o'clock, but if
all the species of the group are considered, the only distinguishing
character for Oxybaphus is the smaller size of the flowers, scarcely a
character of generic importance, even if it is quite as significant as
leaflet size. Although size of leaflets or of flowers has been used as a
generic character in some recent taxonomic papers, it is scarcely to
be commended as a criterion of generic relationship!

The following list gives the correct nomenclature for the North
American species of Mirabilis, the order being that of the North
American Flora (21: 217-40. 1918).

Mirabilis viscosa Cav. Icon. 1: 13. 1791. Oxybaphus viscosus
L'HeY. ex Choisy in DC. Prodr. 13 2 : 430. 1849. Allionia viscosa
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 533. 1891.

Mirabilis corymbosa Cav. Icon. 4: 55. 1797. Allionia corym-
bosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 533. 1891.

Mirabilis microchlamydea (Standl.), comb. nov. Allionia
microchlamydea Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 405. 1911.

Mirabilis glabra (Wats.), comb. nov. Oxybaphus glaber Wats.
Amer. Nat. 7: 301. 1873. Allionia glabra Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 533.
1891.

Mirabilis glabra var. recedens (Weatherby), comb. nov.
Oxybaphus glaber var. recedens Weatherby, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45:
425. 1910.

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 305

Mirabilis exaltata (Standl.), comb. nov. Allionia exaltata
Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 355. 1909. Oxybaphus exaltatus
Weatherby, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 492. 1913.

Mirabilis Carletoni (Standl.), comb. nov. Allionia Carletoni
Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 355. 1909. Oxybaphus Carletoni
Weatherby, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 492. 1913.

Mirabilis coccinea (Torr.) B. & H. Gen. PI. 3: 3. 1880. Oxyba-
phus coccineus Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 169. 1859. Allionia
coccinea Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 339. 1909.

Mirabilis gausapoides (Standl.), comb. nov. Allionia gau-
sapoides Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 406. 1911.

Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Geneve 5:
186. 1901. Allionia linearis Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 728. 1814.
Oxybaphus linearis Robinson, Rhodora 10: 31. 1908.

Mirabilis decipiens (Standl.), comb. nov. Allionia decipiens
Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 21: 223. 1918.

Mirabilis hirsuta (Pursh) MacM. Metasp. Minn. Vail. 217.
1892. Allionia hirsuta Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 728. 1814. Oxybaphus
hirsutus Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1: 334. 1826.

Mirabilis pauciflora (Buckl.), comb. nov. Oxybaphus pauci-
florus Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 7. 1862. Allionia pauciflora
Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 21: 224. 1918.

Mirabilis albida (Walt.) Heimerl, Ann. Cons. Jard. Geneve 5:
182. 1901. Allionia albida Walt. Fl. Carol. 84. 1788. Oxybaphus
albidus Sweet, Hort. Brit. 2: 429. 1827.

Mirabilis lanceolata (Rydb.), comb. nov. Allionia lanceolata
Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 691. 1902.

Mirabilis aggregata (Ortega) Cav. Icon. 5: 22. 1799. Calyx-
hymenia aggregata Ortega, Decad. 81. 1798. Oxybaphus aggregatus
Vahl, Enum. PI. 2: 41. 1806. Allionia aggregata Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1:
384. 1825.

Mirabilis coahuilensis (Standl.), comb. nov. Allionia coahui-
lensis Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 347. 1909. Oxybaphus
coahuilensis Weatherby, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 425. 1910.

Mirabilis pumila (Standl.), comb. nov. Allionia pumila
Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 345. 1909.

Mirabilis rotundifolia (Greene), comb. nov. Allionia rotun-
difolia Greene, PI. Baker. 3: 33. 1901.

Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. Metasp. Minn. Vail.
217. 1892. Allionia nyctaginea Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 100. 1803.
Oxybaphus nyctagineus Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1: 334. 1826.

306 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Mirabilis Grayana (Standl.), comb. nov. Allionia Grayana
Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 21: 227. 1918.

Mirabilis suffruticosa (Standl.), comb. nov. Allionia suffruti-
cosa Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 408. 1911.

Mirabilis comata (Small), comb. nov. Allionia comata Small,
Fl. Southeast. U. S. 407. 1903. Oxybaphus comatus Weatherby,
Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 492. 1913.

Mirabilis longipes (Standl.), comb. nov. Allionia longipes
Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 21: 229. 1918.

Mirabilis ciliata (Standl.), comb. nov. Allionia ciliata Standl.
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 345. 1909. Oxybaphus ciliatifolius
Weatherby, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 492. 1913.

Mirabilis violacea (L.) Heimerl, Beitr. Syst. Nyctag. 23. 1897.
Allionia violacea L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 890. 1759. Oxybaphus viola-
ceus Choisy in DC. Prodr. 13 2 : 432. 1849.

Mirabilis oxybaphoides Gray in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv.
173. 1859. Quamoclidion oxybaphoides Gray, Amer. Journ. Sci. II.
15: 320. 1853. Allioniella oxybaphoides Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club
29: 687. 1902.

Mirabilis triflora Benth. PI. Hartw. 23. 1839. Quamoclidion
triflorum Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 358. 1909.

Mirabilis Greenei Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 253. 1876.
Quamoclidion Greenei Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 358. 1909.

Mirabilis Froebelii (Behr) Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 124.
1885. Oxybaphus Froebelii Behr, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 69. 1855.
Quamoclidion Froebelii Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 359. 1909.

Mirabilis multiflora (Torr.) Gray in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound.
173. 1859. Oxybaphus multiflorus Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 237.
1827. Quamoclidion multiflorum Torr. ex Gray, Amer. Journ. Sci.
II. 15: 321. 1853.

Mirabilis Heimerlii (Standl.) Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 56:
24. 1918. Hesperonia Heimerlii Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13:
412. 1911.

Mirabilis oligantha (Standl.), comb. nov. Hesperonia oli-
gantha Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 363. 1909.

Mirabilis polyphylla (Standl.), comb. nov. Hesperonia poly-
phylla Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 364. 1909.

Mirabilis tenuiloba Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 375. 1882.
Hesperonia tenuiloba Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 363. 1909.

Mirabilis laevis Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 44. 1844. Hesperonia
laevis Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 363. 1909.

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 307

Mirabilis cedrosensis (Standl.) Jepson, Fl. Calif. 459. 1914.
Hesperonia cedrosensis Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 362. 1909.

Mirabilis Bigelovii Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 413. 1886.
Hesperonia Bigelovii Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 21: 235. 1918.

Mirabilis californica Gray in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv.
173. 1859. Hesperonia californica Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 364. 1909.

Mirabilis retrorsa Heller, Muhlenbergia 2: 193. 1906. Hes-
peronia retrorsa Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 21: 236. 1918.

Mirabilis Watsoniana Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. 11: 84. 1889.
Mirabilis exserta Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 165. 1891.
Mirabilis Pringlei Weatherby, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 424. 1910.
Mirabilis Urbani Heimerl, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 56: 250. 1906.
Mirabilis Jalapa L. Sp. PI. 177. 1753.

Mirabilis longiflora L. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1755: 176.
1755.

Mirabilis Wrightiana Gray ex Britton & Kearney, Trans. N. Y.
Acad. Sci. 14: 28. 1894.

The following species of Allionia, described since the appearance
of the part of the North American Flora dealing with the family
Nyctaginaceae, also should be transferred to Mirabilis:

Mirabilis grandiflora (Standl.), comb. nov. Allionia grandi-
flora Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 5. 1923.

Torrubia myrtiflora, sp. nov. Ramuli crassiusculi fusci gla-
brati vel sparsissime pilis minutis induti; folia ppposita vel ternata
chartacea in sicco fusca petiolata, petiolo gracili 12-20 mm. longo
glabro; lamina lanceolato-oblonga vel anguste elliptico-oblonga 9-13
cm. longa 3.5-5 cm. lata subabrupte breviterque acuminata, acumine
anguste triangulari obtuso, basi acuta vel breviter acuminata et plus
minusve obliqua, glabra, supra sublucida, costa yenisque obscuris,
subtus brunnescens, costa gracili prominente, nervis lateralibus utro-
que latere 8-10 gracillimis prominulis angulo lato divergentibus
subarcuatis vel fere rectis remote a margine obscure conjunctis,
nervulis obsoletis; inflorescentia mascula terminalis 8.5-12 cm. longe
pedunculata cymoso-paniculata 4-6 cm. longa et 7-10 cm. lata laxe
vel dense multiflora basi radiatim ramosa pedunculo ut rami sparse vel
subdense ferruginep-puberulo, floribus dense aggregatis sessilibus
vel brevissime pedicellatis, bracteolis ovato-lanceolatis vix 0.5 mm.
longis dense tomentulosis ; perianthium obconicum 4-4.5 mm. longum
basi acutum dense rufo-tomentulosum 2 mm. latum, lobis minutis

308 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

late ovatis obtusis vix 0.5 mm. longis; stamina c. 9 longissime exserta
periantho plus quam duplo longiora. Peru: Puerto Arturo, Yuri-
maguas, Dept. Loreto, edge of forest, alt. about 200 m., November 18,
1929, Llewelyn Williams 5162 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 614,336, type).

The genus has not been recorded previously from Peru. The plant
can not be referred to any of the several species reported from the
Amazon Valley. The vernacular name is given as "clavo-caspi."

Torrubia Broad wayana (Heimerl), comb. nov. Pisonia Broad-
wayana Heimerl, Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 1. 1921.

Torrubia obtusiloba (Huber), comb. nov. Pisonia obtusiloba
Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 5: 347. 1909.

Torrubia Riedeliana (Fisch.), comb. nov. Pisonia Riedeliana
Fisch. Vid. Medd. 1890: 162. 1891.

Torrubia Warmingii (Heimerl), comb. nov. Pisonia Warmingii
Heimerl, Vid. Medd. 1890: 162. 1891.

Bougainvillea pachyphylla Heimerl in herb., sp. nov. Frutex
vel arbor parva erecta vel interdum scandens, ramulis pallidis
ochraceis, novellis dense puberulis, spinis numerosis puberulis usque
ad 9 mm. longis rectis vel subrecurvis armatis; folia subcoriacea,
petiolo gracili 4-11 mm. longo dense puberulo; lamina late ovata
vel deltoideo-ovata, interdum late elliptica, 3-6 cm. longa, 2-5 cm.
lata, sensim vel abrupte acuta vel acuminata, interdum apicem
obtusiusculum versus sensim angustata, supra dense viscido-puberula,
subtus dense breviterque viscido-villosula, rare glabrata; inflores-
centiae triflorae in axillis laxe cymosae, ramis gracillimis dense
tomentellis, pedunculis gracillimis 7-12 mm. longis dense tomentellis;
bracteae roseae late elliptico-ovatae vel suborbiculares plerumque
2-2.5 cm. longae et fere aequilatae, basi late rotundatae vel leviter
cordatae, apice obtusae vel late rotundatae, utrinque sparse puberulae
vel villosulae vel serius glabratae; perianthium 9-11 mm. longum
anguste tubulosum dense viscido-hirtulum vel puberulum infra
limbum breviter 5-lobum paullo constrictum. Peru: Dept. Piura,
Raimondi 8703 (type in herb. Berol., photo, in herb. Field Mus.).
Frias, Dept. Piura, Weberbauer 6432 (fragm. from herb. Berol. in
herb. Field Mus.). Amotape Hills, Prov. Paita, Haught F24 (herb.
Field Mus.), 24 (U. S. Nat. Herb.).

The material cited represents a plant closely related to B. peru-
viana H. & B., and perhaps not definitely separable from it, but
it has been indicated in the herbarium as a distinct species by Dr.
Heimerl, and for the present seems worthy of specific rank. B.
peruviana is distinguished chiefly by the glabrous perianth and much
thinner leaves.

Regarding B. pachyphylla, which is called "papelillo" locally,
Mr. Haught supplies the following information:

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 309

Ordinarily a shrub or small tree of upright growth, this plant
sometimes is a woody twiner, unless there are two species. These
specimens were taken from a climbing plant growing in a watercourse
near La Brea. Not very abundant, but well distributed through the
Amotape Hills. I have never seen plants of this species growing
elsewhere. Growing as a shrub 4-10 feet high, the plants are com-
mon at the top of Cerro Muerte, five miles from La Brea. The
bracts of the inflorescence are of a soft pink or rose color, but the
color varies in different specimens. When in bloom, a plant is very
conspicuous entirely covered with bracts.

Bougainvillea spinosa (Cav.) Heimerl in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 3:
Abth. Ib: 27. 1889. Tricycla spinosa Cav. Anal. Cienc. Nat. 5: 63.
pi. 40. 1802.

This species, one of the few well-marked ones of the genus, has
been known heretofore only from southern Argentina, but there may
now be reported the following collection: Peru: Torata, Prov.
Moquehua, 2,300 m., Weberbauer 74-14- The occurrence of the plant
in Peru, many hundreds of miles from the nearest Argentine station,
is remarkable, to say the least. Careful examination of the Peruvian
material reveals no differentiating characters by which it may be
distinguished from Argentine specimens.

Neea Williamsii, sp. nov. Frutex, ramulis gracillimis viridibus
satis dense pilosis vel hirtellis, internodiis valde elongatis usque ad
12 cm. longis; folia opposita maxime inaequalia breviter petiolata,
petiolo gracili 8-9 mm. longo dense piloso; lamina foliorum majorum
late elliptico-oblonga c. 17 cm. longa et 7.5-8 cm. lata apice abrupte
breviterque acuminata, acumine anguste triangulari acuto 1-1.5 cm.
longo, basi valde obliqua et obtusa vel acutiuscula, crasse mem-
branacea, in sicco laete viridis, supra lucida, tantum ad costam
prominentem hirta, venis nervulisque valde prominulis et reticulatis,
subtus fere concolor, ubique sparse pilis longiusculis pallidis patenti-
bus pilosa, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
c. 13 gracilibus prominulis angulo fere recto divergentibus rectis
vel leviter arcuatis remote a margine conjunctis, nervulis paullo
prominulis laxissime reticulatis; lamina foliorum minorum subor-
bicularis vel late elliptica 1.5-2.5 cm. longa; inflorescentia femina
ut yidetur pendula gracillime 13-16 cm. longe pedunculata cymoso-
paniculata late pyramidalis c. 6 cm. longa et 5.5-9 cm. lata laxe
pauciflora, ramis basalibus verticillatis patentibus dense pilosis,
pedunculo sparse piloso, floribus aggregatis sessilibus vel breviter pedi-
cellatis, bracteolis lineari-subulatis 1.5-2 mm. longis rufo-tomentellis;
perianthium immaturum 3 mm. longum ovoideo-oblongum acutius-
culum sparse rufo-puberulum. Peru: Tarapoto, Dept. San Martin,
alt. 360-900 m., December 21, 1909, Llewelyn Williams 6567 (Herb.
Field Mus. No. 614,446, type).

310 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

In general appearance this resembles N. laxa Poepp. & Endl.,
of the same region, but in that the leaves are glabrous. It must be
related, likewise, to N. oppositifolia R. & P., of which I have seen
no material, but the original plate of that species shows a plant with
relatively broader leaves, and a much denser inflorescence on a com-
paratively short peduncle.

Allionia cristata (Standl.), comb. nov. Wedelia cristata Standl.
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 331. 1909. Wedeliella cristata Cockerell,
Torreya 9: 167. 1909.

Allionia Choisyi, nom. nov. A. incarnata L. var. glabra Choisy
in DC. Prodr. 13 2 : 435. 1849, non A. glabra Kuntze, 1891. Wedelia
glabra Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 332. 1909. Wedeliella
glabra Cockerell, Torreya 9: 167. 1909.

RANUNCULACEAE

Anemone multifida (Greene), comb. nov. Pulsatilla multiceps
Greene, Erythea 1: 4. 1893.

NYMPHAEACEAE

Technically the generic name Nymphozanthus is, apparently,
the proper one for the yellow pondlilies, but there is every reason
for expecting that in the end common sense will prevail, and the name
Nuphar, so long applied to the group, whether it is specially con-
served or not, will be the one employed by most botanists. The
name Nuphar, incidentally, may be used with equal propriety by
those few American botanists who still cling to the so-called "Ameri-
can Code," since the application of the generic name Nymphaea to
this group, rather than to the showy-flowered waterlilies, is a mere
matter of quibbling.

The following species, published under Nymphaea, are here
placed under the generic name to which it is believed they should
be referred:

Nuphar fraternum (Miller & Standl.), comb. nov. Nymphaea
fraterna Miller & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 82. 1912.

Nuphar advena Ait., var. erthryaeum (Miller & Standl.),
comb. nov. Nymphaea advena subsp. erythraea Miller & Standl.
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 91. 1912.

Nuphar ozarkanum (Miller & Standl.), comb. nov. Nymphaea
ozarkana Miller & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 91. 1912.

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 311

Nuphar ludovicianum (Miller & Standl.), comb. nov. Nym-
phaea ludoviciana Miller & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 92.
1912.

Nuphar fluviatile (Harper), comb. nov. Nymphaea fluviatilis
Harper, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 234. 1906.

Nuphar chartaceum (Miller & Standl.), comb. nov. Nymphaea
chartacea Miller & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 94. 1912.

Nuphar ulvaceum (Miller & Standl.), comb. nov. Nymphaea
ulvacea Miller & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 97. 1912.

Nuphar ovatum (Miller & Standl.), comb. nov. Nymphaea
ovata Miller & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 97. 1912.

Nuphar puberulum (Miller & Standl.), comb. nov. Nymphaea
puberula Miller & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 99. 1912.

Nuphar microcarpum (Miller & Standl.), comb. nov. Nym-
phaea microcarpa Miller & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 100.
1912.

Nuphar orbiculatum (Small), comb. nov. Nymphaea orbicu-
lata Small, Bull. Torrey Club 23: 128. 1896.

Nuphar bombycinum (Miller & Standl.), comb. nov. Nym-
phaea bombycina Miller & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 102.
1912.

MENISPERMACEAE

Hyperbaena Winzerlingii Standl. Trop. Woods 9: 10. 1927.

A second collection may now be reported for this species: Honey
Camp, Orange Walk, British Honduras, November, 1928, C. L.
Lundell 92. The collector describes the plant as a large bushy tree.
The very slender inflorescences are shorter than the leaves and
hirtellous with short ascending hairs. The leaves of fertile branches
are mostly 4-7 cm. long, and occasionally some of them are entire.

Annona scleroderma Safford, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.
3:105./. 1. 1913.

The species was described from Cahab6n, in the mountains of
Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, and is reported doubtfully from Oaxaca
in Mexico. The following collection establishes its occurrence in
British Honduras: In forest near the Cockscomb Mountains, 150
m., June, 1930, Schipp S110; a tree 10.5 m. high, the trunk 24 cm.
in diameter; flowers greenish yellow; fruit reddish; occasional.

312 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

CRUCIFERAE

Nasturtium clavatum (Rydb.), comb. nov. Roripa clavata
Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 235. 1902. Radicula clavata Macoun,
Ottawa Nat. 20: 142. 1906.

Nasturtium Williamsii (Britton), comb. nov. Roripa Wil-
liamsii Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. 2: 171. 1901. Radicula
Williamsii Heller, Muhlenbergia 7: 124. 1912.

DROSERACEAE

Drosera intermedia Hayne. Among the most interesting of all
the many unusual plants discovered in British Honduras by W. A.
Schipp is a Drosera, representing a family new to the Central Ameri-
can flora. Since so many other Cuban plants have been found in the
pine woods of this region, the occurrence of this genus here is not
surprising, although scarcely to be predicted. The record is as fol-
lows: British Honduras: All Pines, open places, common, at sea
level, July, 1930, W. A. Schipp 539; flowers white or shell-pink.
Although no ripe capsules are present to provide seeds for exami-
nation, the specimens appear to be referable to this species.

SAXIFRAGACEAE

Saxif raga adscendens L. Although this species has been known
to occur in British Columbia, it has not been recorded as a member
of the Alaskan flora. It may now be reported from Alaska, as
follows: Glacier Bay, Station 6, William S. Cooper.

LEGUMINOSAE

Calliandra papillosa (Britt. & Rose), comb. nov. Anneslia
papillosa Britt. & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 63. 1928.

Calliandra belizensis (Britt. & Rose), comb. nov. Anneslia
belizensis Britt. & Rose in Standl. Trop. Woods 11: 19. 1927.

A second collection of this well-marked species has been received
from British Honduras: Honey Camp, December, 1928, C. L. Lundell
148.

Calliandra chapaderoana (Britt. & Rose), comb. nov. Anneslia
chapaderoana Britt. & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 69. 1928.

Calliandra salvadorensis (Britt. & Rose), comb. nov. Anneslia
salvadorensis Britt. & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 68. 1928.

Calliandra izalcoensis (Britt. & Rose), comb. nov. Anneslia
izakoensis Britt. & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 69. 1928.

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 313

Calliandra Juzepczukii, sp. nov. Frutex, ramulis crassis
teretibus ferrugineis dense albo-pilosis; stipulae herbaceae vel subin-
duratae latissime ovatae 3.5 mm. longae acutae yel apiculatae sparse
minute pilosulae persistentes; folia petiolata, petiolo 1-1.5 cm. longo
dense albo-piloso, pinnis 4-6-jugis 3.5-6.5 cm. longis, rhachi dense
albo-pilosa; foliola 20-45-juga oblonga recta vel paullo sursum curva
c. 4.5 mm. longa et 1.5 mm. lata falcato-acuta et apiculata crasse
coriacea, supra lucida, glabra, subtus paullo pallidiora, sparse stri-
gillosa vel glabrata; flores capitati, capitulis paucifloris solitariis vel
geminatis in racemos terminales rigidos c. 16 cm. longos dispositis,
pedunculis crassis c. 1 cm. longis densissime breviterque albo-pilo-
sulis, floribus arete sessilibus, bracteis latissime ovatis obtusis vel
acutiusculis usque ad 5 mm. longis extus dense adpresso-pilosulis;
calyx latissime campanulatus 4-4.5 mm. longus, 8 mm. latus, extus
dense albo-sericeus breviter 5-lobus, lobis latissime triangularibus
obtusissimis; corolla extus dense albo-sericea 12-14 mm. longa fere
ad basin 5-loba, lobis oblongo-ovatis acutis 4.5 mm. latis; stamina
numerosissima, filamentis gracillimis purpureis c. 4 cm. longis.
Mexico: Arriaga, Chiapas, January 7, 1926, S. Juzepczuk 1382
(Herb. Field Mus. No. 621,426, type; duplicate in Leningrad Herb.).

Apparently this Chiapas plant is closest to Calliandra Palmeri
Wats., described from Jalisco and known also from the state of
Nayarit. That differs in having about 15 pairs of pinnae to the leaf,
larger leaflets, and longer stamens.

Bauhinia hondurensis, sp. nov. Frutex scandens cirrhifer
inermis, ramulis gracilibus teretibus ferrugineis vel brunneis, novellis
dense minute pilosulis; folia alterna longe petiolata subcoriacea,
petiolo gracillimo 2-8 cm. longo pilis brunnescentibus patentibus
vel subadpressis piloso; lamina ad medium vel profundius biloba
3.5-10.5 cm. longa 3.5-8 cm. lata, basi cordata vel subcordata, sinu
aperto, lobis late semiovatis acutis vel obtusis versus apicem angus-
tatis, 4-nerviis, supra sublucidis, glabris, nervis prominulis, nervulis
prominulis arctissime reticulatis, subtus paullo pallidioribus, sparse
vel subdense pilis gracillimis patentibus vel subadpressis pilosis, ad
nervos densius pilosis, nervis gracilibus prominentibus, nervulis
prominulis arctissime reticulatis; flores racemosi, racemis subpani-
culatis pedunculatis 3-4 cm. longis laxe pauci- vel multifloris, pedi-
cellis gracilibus 6-10 mm. longis minute pilosulis, bracteis lineari-
attenuatis 4-5 mm. longis, bracteolis paullo infra medium pedicelli
insertis lineari-subulatis 3-4 mm. longis; calyx ante anthesin fere
clausus 10-nervius sparse sericeus, tubo 6 mm. longo basi rotundato
late campanulato, lobis lineari-attenuatis 3-3.5 mm. longis inae-
qualibus; petala c. 2 cm. longa apice obtusa vel rotundata suberecta
libera basin versus longe attenuata, extus sparse ad ungues densius
pilis longis subadpressis brunnescentibus pilosa; stamina perfecta 10
calyce breviora, antheris minutis; legumen oblongum versus apicem
paullo latius c. 7.5 cm. longum et 2.5 cm. latum, tenuiter adpresso-
pilosum, c. 5-spermum. Honduras: A woody vine overhanging the

314 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

river, Lancetilla, June-July, 1929, A. M. Chickering 152 (Herb.
Field Mus. No. 622,373, type). San Pedro Sula, Dept. Santa
Barbara, 240 m., October, 1887, Thieme 5184. La Ceiba, December,
1927, Holger Johansen 3.

One of the collections has been referred to Bauhinia cumanensis
HBK. B. hondurensis is a relative of B. glabra Jacq., which was
described from Colombia and is reported from Yucatan. The latter
is distinguished at a glance by the short, rounded lobes of the leaves
and by its much more abundant pubescence.

Schizolobium parahybum (Veil.) Blake. This fine yellow-
flowered tree was not known from Mexico at the time of preparation
of the manuscript for the Trees and Shrubs of Mexico (Contr. U.
S. Nat. Herb. 23). The genus was recorded from Mexico in 1925
(Samuel J. Record, Schizolobium: A Promising Source of Pulpwood.
Trop. Woods 2: 2-5). The report was based upon a specimen of the
wood obtained somewhere in southern Mexico. The species may now
be reported definitely from the country upon the basis of a recent
collection: Palo Dulce, Veracruz, March 1, 1930, C. D. Mell 679.
The collector reports the vernacular name as "judio."

Sophora tomentosa L. In the West Indies Sophora tomentosa
seems to be a common shrub of seashores, but in Mexico, so far as
collections indicate, it is decidedly rare, and in Central America
it is reported only from Colon, collected many years ago by Hayes,
but not found there by recent collectors. A new station may be
put on record, as follows: British Honduras: All Pines, in broken
coral behind mangrove swamps, rare, September, 1930, W. A. Schipp
609; a shrub 3 m. high with yellow flowers.

Parosela Thompsonae Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 18. 1897.

This species is not listed by Tidestrom in his Flora of Utah
and Nevada, and apparently it has been known only from northern
Arizona. The following collection, therefore, represents a new state
record: Utah: East side of Mount Ellen, Henry Mountains, Garfield
County, July 5, 1930, W. D. Stanton 338. The specimen was com-
municated by Professor A. 0. Garrett.

Petalostemon oligophyllus (Torr.) Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot.
Card. 1: 237. 1900. P. gracilis var. oligophyllus Torr. in Emory,
Mil. Reconn. 139. 1848.

This widespread western species, strangely enough, is not reported
from Utah by Tidestrom in his flora of that State. There may be
recorded the following Utah collections: Moab, June, 1927, W. P.
Cottam 2158; Bluff, July, 1927, Cottam 2556.

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 315

Eriosema pinetorum, sp. nov. Herba perennis, caulibus pluri-
bus e radice incrassata erectis c. 20 cm. altis gracilibus rigidis viridi-
bus sparse puberulis et pilis fulvis adscendentibus rigidiusculis
longiusculis hirsutis dense foliatis; folia alterna sessilia vel 2 mm.
tantum longe petiolata; stipulae brunneae lineari-attenuatae 14 mm.
longae striatae puberulae et sparse hirsutae; foliola linearia subcori-
acea 5-10.5 cm. longa 5-8 mm. lata versus apicem mucronato-
apiculatum acutiusculum sensim angustata basi obtusa, supra viridia,
gjabra vel sparse scaberula, costa gracillima prominula, nervulis
vix prominulis arete reticulatis, subtus fere concolor, ad costam
marginesque sparse adpresso-hirsuta, costa gracili elevata, nervis
lateralibus numerosis brevibus arcuatis angulo semirecto adscenden-
tibus, nervulis prominulo-reticulatis; racemi axillares c. 1.5 cm. longe
pedunculati capituliformes pauciflori, pedunculo gracili sparse hirsuto,
pedicellis 1-2 mm. longis; calyx c. 6.5 mm. longus sparse pilis brun-
nescentibus vel fulvis hirsutus, tubo campanulato 1.5-2 mm. longo,
lobis paullo inaequalibus e basi lineari-lanceolata longe setiformi-
productis erectis; petala lutea, vexillo 8 mm. longo extus sparse
hirtello vel puberulo obovato-oblongo, alis angustis glabris basin
versus longe attenuatis vexillo fere aequilongis. British Honduras:
All Pines, in open places, at sea level, common, August 20, 1930,
William A. Schipp 584 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 621,945, type).

In general appearance as well as in technical details this plant
resembles Eriosema diffusum (HBK.) Don, a common plant of the
pine forests of Central America. That species differs constantly in
its much broader leaves, shorter stipules, and more abundant,
appressed, silky pubescence.

Centrosema angustifolia (HBK.) Benth. A recent collection
makes it possible to report this handsome small vine from British
Honduras: All Pines, at sea level, growing in open places, August,
1930, W. A. Schipp 579; a vine 2 m. long; flowers reddish purple;
common.

EUPHORBIACEAE

Hiernonyma oblonga (Tul.) Muell. Arg. Heretofore this tree
has been known in Mexico from Puebla and Oaxaca, without any
further stations until the Guianas were reached. The following
collection indicates it as an addition to the flora of Central America:
British Honduras: Sittee River, at sea level, in secondary forest,
August, 1930, W. A. Schipp 592; a tree 10.5 m. high, the trunk
24 cm. in diameter; rare; flowers white; wood white.

AQUIFOLIACEAE

Ilex Liebmannii, sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor, ramulis gracilibus
plus minusye angulatis, vetustioribus cinereis, junioribus fusco-fer-
rugineis, minutissime puberulis, internodiis brevibus; folia alterna

316 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

longiuscule petiolata, petiolo gracili 6^8 mm. longo minutissime
puberulo vel fere glabro; lamina tenuiter coriacea lanceolata vel
elliptico-lanceolata 4.&-5 cm. longa, 1-2 cm. lata, subabrupte longe-
que acuminata, acumine angusto longe attenuate subintegro, basi
acutiuscula vel obtusa, in toto margine aequaliter adpresse spinu-
loso-serrata, supra in sicco fusca lucida, tantum ad costam pro-
minulam minute puberula, nervis subimpressis, subtus glabra, paullo
pallidior, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 10
gracilibus prominentibus angulo latiusculo abeuntibus fere rectis,
nervulis paucis prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentiae feminae
in axillis solitariae umbellatim 2-3-florae graciliter 4-13 mm. longe
pedunculatae, pedunculis ut pedicelli graciles 3-6 mm. longi glabris;
calyx 2-2.5 mm. latus glaber breviter 4-lobus, lobis late rotundatis;
bacca glabra subglobosa 3.5 mm. longa basi et apice rotundata,
nuculis 4. Mexico: Petlapa, Veracruz, in 1841-43, Liebmann 14927
(Herb. Field Mus. No. 614,053, type; duplicate in Copenhagen herb.).
Amatlan, July, 1842, Liebmann 14926 (F, Copenhagen).

A relative of Ilex mexicana (Turcz.) Black, which also occurs in
the state of Veracruz, but that species has larger leaves, 6.5-9 cm.
long, of different outline, and larger fruits.

CELASTRACEAE

Glossopetalon spinescens Gray, var. meionandrum (Koehne)
Trel. in Gray, Syn. Fl. I 1 : 401. 1897. G. meionandrum Koehne,
Gartenflora 43: 237. /. 52. 1894.

Utah: Price, Carbon Co., April, 1930, S. Flowers Fg41-30;
flowering material. Same locality, May, 1930, Flowers Fg32-30;
fruiting specimens.

This variety has not been reported previously from Utah. By
Rydberg the form is maintained as a distinct species. In G. spinescens
the stamens are normally 10, while in var. meionandrum they vary
from 5 to 7, or in some flowers the number is even greater. Since
the plants are so much alike in all other respects, G. meionandrum
hardly seems worthy of more than varietal rank.

Celastrus Liebmannii, sp. nov. Frutex scandens omnino
glaber, ramulis gracilibus subteretibus fusco-ferrugineis lenticellis
numerosis parvis pallidis elevatis dense conspersis, internodiis ple-
rumque elongatis; folia alterna, petiolo gracili vel crassiusculo 5-8
mm. longo; lamina elliptico-oblonga vel elliptica, 6-10 cm. longa,
2.5-5 cm. lata, acuta vel abrupte acuta, interdum acuminata, basi
acuta vel obtusa, remote et adpresse crenato-serrata, subcoriacea,
fere concolor; paniculae axillares solitariae laxe pauci- vel multiflorae
interdum racemiformes, f oliis breviores vel interdum folia aequantes,
bracteis minutis triangularibus vel subulatis, pedicellis 1-4 mm.
longis; flores c. 2 mm. lati, sepalis late rotundatis denticulatis vel
integris, petalis brevibus apice late rotundatis; stamina petalis

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 317

paullo longiora; stylus crassus 0.7 mm. longus. Mexico: Mirador,
Veracruz, February, 1842, Liebmann 14871 (Herb. Field Mus. No.
614,044, type; duplicate in Copenhagen herb.); March, 1842, Lieb-
mann 14875b (F, Copenhagen); Liebmann 14875, 14875a, 14872,
14873. Zacuapan, Veracruz, March, 1914, Purpus 7094. Thickets
of hills near Jalapa, Veracruz, April, 1899, Pringle 8133.

The fruit of this plant, unfortunately, is not known. The only
other plant certainly referable to Celastrus and reported from
Mexico is C. Pringlei Rose, which is conspicuously different in leaf
characters.

HIPPOCRATEAGEAE

Hippocratea yucatanensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 19. 1930.

Described from Yucatan, it is natural that this species should
occur in adjacent Central America, and it is represented by the
following collection from British Honduras: Mullins River Road,
in swampy places, flowers white, W. A. Schipp 119.

THEACEAE

Eurya lancifolia, sp. nov. Arbor 15-metralis, trunco 30 cm.
diam., ramulis gracilibus teretibus fusco-ferrugineis, noyellis pilis
brevibus adscendentibus gracilibus rigidiusculis pilosulis, internodiis
brevibus; folia alterna crasse membranacea breviter petiolata, petiolo
crassiusculo c. 15 mm. longo adpresso-pilosulo; lamina anguste lanceo-
lato-oblonga 11-14 cm. longa 2.8-4.3 cm. lata longe sensimque acu-
minata basi rotundata, creberrime crenato-serrulata, supra obscure
plivacea, ad costam prominentem dense pilosula, aliter glabra, venis
inconspicuis, subtus pallidior, ubique sparse, ad costam densius pilis
lutescentibus brevibus et longioribus intermixtis subpatentibus pilo-
sula, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 20
gracilibus prominentibus angulo latiusculo adscendentibus arcuatis
prope marginem conjunctis, nervulis prominulis laxe reticulatis;
flores in axillis vel ad nodos defoliatos fasciculati pauci vel numerosi,
pedicellis in statu fructifero 4-5 mm. longis crassiusculis dense minute
pilosulis, bracteolis rotundatis sepalis duplo brevioribus; sepala
rotundata 3.5 mm. longa apice late rotundata extus dense fulvo-
sericea intus glabra; bacca nigra subglobosa glabra 7 mm. longa stylo
persistente conico 1 mm. longo apiculata. British Honduras: Mid-
dlesex, in mountain forest, alt. 120 m., November 15, 1929, William
A. Schipp 455 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 606,831, type).

Eurya guatemalensis Donn. Smith differs in having the lower
surface of the leaves covered with a very dense and coarse, brownish
tomentum. In E. Seemanniana Pittier, of Panama, the leaves are
densely sericeous beneath and acute at the base.

318 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

FLAGOURTIACEAE

Abatia mexicana, sp. nov. Ramuli graciles subteretes, primo
dense stellato-tomentosi, cito glabrati; folia opposita, petiolo gracili
6-9 mm. longo dense stellato-tomentoso; lamina crasse membranacea
anguste oyata vel lanceolato-oblonga, 4-5 cm. longa, 1.5-2 cm. lata,
longe sensimque acuminata, basi late rotundata, subobscure crenato-
serrata, utrinque sparse stellato-pilosa; racemi 1-3 cm. longe pedun-
culati, multiflori, 5-6 cm. longi, rhachi gracili dense stellato-tomen-
tosa, pedicellis c. 2 mm. longis, bracteis brevibus lanceplato-subulatis;
alabastra late ovoidea 2.5-3 mm. longa acuta densissime tomento
fulvo stellato-tomentpsa; sepala 4 patentia vel subreflexa late ovata
2.5 mm. longa acuta intus puberula; ovarium dense stellato-pilosum.
Mexico: Mirador, Veracruz, in 1841-43, Liebmann 15030 (Herb.
Field Mus. No. 614,054, type; duplicate in Copenhagen herb.).

The genus has not been reported previously for the Mexican
flora, so far as I am aware. The South American Abatia parviflora
R. & P. grows in the mountains of Costa Rica, and that has been
believed to be the northern limit in distribution of the genus. A.
parviflora differs from the Mexican plant in its very much larger
flowers.

Xylosma celastrinum (HBK.), comb. nov. Flacourtia celas-
trina HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 239. 1825. Myroxylon celastrinum
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 44. 1891.

MYRTACEAE

Psidium rotundifolium, sp. nov. Frutex 60 cm. altus, ramis
subteretibus crassiusculis obscure brunneis, novellis obtuse trigonis
dense minute pilosulis, internodiis usque ad 5.5 cm. longis; folia
opposita vel subopposita brevissime petiolata coriacea, petiolo crasso
3-5 mm. tantum longo dense et minutissime pilosulo; lamina orbi-
cularis vel rotundato-elliptica 10.5-12.5 cm. longa 8.5-10.5 cm. lata,
apice late rotundata et saepe brevissime emarginata, basi late
rotundata vel leviter cordata, utrinque punctis minutis nigris sparsis
conspersa, supra sublucida, ad costam puberula vel fere glabra, costa
venisque manifestis sed vix elevatis, subtus fere concolor, ad costam
crassam elevatam sparse pilosula, aliter glabra vel glabrata, nervis
lateralibus utrpque latere c. 7 angulo lato adscendentibus promi-
nentibus gracilibus subarcuatis remote a margine conjunctis, nervulis
reticulatis; inflorescentiae axillares c. triflorae foliis duplo breviores,
pedunculo c. 2 cm. longo dense minute pilosulo pedicellis brevissimis;
bacca (immatura?) ovalis c. 2.5 cm. longa et 2 cm. lata basi et apice
rotundata sparse puberula vel glabrata apice calyce subpersistente
coronata lutea; calyx ut videtur fere aequaliter 5-lobus, lobis late
ovali-pblongis c. 5 mm. longis apice rotundatis intus dense puberulis.
British Honduras: All Pines, in open places, at sea level, September
5, 1930, William A. SchippS85 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 621,914, type).

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 319

The collector states that the fruit has a tart flavor, and that the
flowers (none are present on the single specimen seen) are white.

In its unusually large leaves, rounded and nearly as broad as
long, this plant is strikingly unlike any other species known hereto-
fore from Central America, or from the West Indies. The discovery
of a single new species of Psidium or guava in Central America
would have been a surprise, but the discovery in a single locality of
four is astonishing. They are a further proof, if one were necessary,
of the need for additional collecting in British Honduras.

Psidium chrysobalanoides, sp. nov. Frutex 60 cm. altus,
ramis acute quadrangulatis ferrugineo-brunneis ad angulos anguste
alatis, novellis sparse minute sericeis mox glabratis, internodiis foliis
paullo brevioribus; folia opposita coriacea in sicco luteo-viridia fere
sessilia, petiolo crasso c. 2 mm. longo; lamina obovata vel late
elliptico-oboyata, rare obovato-rotundata, 4.5-7 cm. longa, 3-4.5
cm. lata, apice rotundata vel late rotundata et abrupte breviterque
producta, acumine latissime triangulari obtuso pallido-marginato,
basi cuneata vel obtusa, utrinque dense puncticulata, supra sublucida,
sparse minute sericea vel fere glabra, costa venisque prominentibus
et arete reticulatis, subtus paullo pallidior, densiuscule pilis minutis
pallidis adpressis sericea, costa crassa elevata, neryis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 6 angulp acutissimo valde adscendentibus fere rectis
vel leviter curyis prominentibus gracilibus prope marginem con-
junctis, nervulis prpminulis arete reticulatis, margine pallido vel
stramineo et paullo incrassato; cymae axillares triflorae vel uniflorae
1.5 cm.longe pedunculatae,flore centrali sessili, lateralibus 1 cm.longe
pedicellatis, pedunculo obtuse quadrangulato et pedicellis crassius-
culis glabratis; bacca immatura globoso-obovoidea c. 1 cm. longa
basin versus paullo angustata sparse puberula vel fere glabra calyce
persistente corpnata; calyx c. 5 mm. longus profunde 5-lobus, lobis
valde inaequalibus latis apice subtruncatis intus sericeis. British
Honduras: All Pines, in open places, at sea level, August 25, 1930,
William A. Schipp 596 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 621,925, type).

The collector reports that the fruit of this guava is tart and good
for making jelly. The flowers are described as white, but none are
present on the specimens.

Psidium chrysobalanoides differs conspicuously from P. rotundi-
folium in its small, narrower, nearly sessile leaves and different
pubescence.

Psidium Schippii, sp. nov. Frutex 60 cm. altus, ramis sub-
teretibus brunneis rimosis et sparse lenticellatis, novellis dense pilis
brevibus pallidis subpatentibus pilosulis, internodiis foliis plus quam
duplp brevipribus; folia opposita vel subopposita crasse coriacea
breviter petiolata, petiolo crasso 3-8 mm. longo pilosulo; lamina
obovata vel oblongo-obovata 11-12 cm. longa 4.5-6 cm. lata obtusa

320 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

vel interdum rotundata et obscure apiculata, basin versus sensim
angustata, basi ipsa acuta vel subobtusa, supra luteo-viridis, sub-
lucida, primo sparse pilosula sed mox glabrata, venis ut costa vix
prominulis arete reticulatis, subtus paullo pallidior, ubique satis
dense pilis debilibus albis subpatentibus pilosula, serius glabrata,
costa crassa elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 6 angulo
acuto adscendentibus elevatis leviter curvis vel fere rectis crassius-
culis juxta marginem conjunctis, neryulis prominentibus arctissime
reticulatis; cymae ad nodos defoliates infra folia insertae triflorae 3.5
cm. longe pedunculatae, flore centrali sessili, lateralibus crasse 8 mm.
longe pedicellatis; baccae immaturae ovali-globosae c. 2 cm. longae
et fere aequilatae densiuscule pilosulae vel glabratae basi et apice
rotundatae calyce persistente coronatae; calyx c. 5 mm. longus pro-
funde et inaequaliter lobatus, lobis intus prope apicem sericeis.
British Honduras: All Pines, in open places, at sea level, August 25,
1930, William A. Schipp 595 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 621,991, type).

The flowers (none are present on the specimens) are described
as white, and the fruit as yellow and of tart flavor.

At first I was inclined to regard this plant as only a variety of P.
chrysobalanoides, but it seems worthy of specific rank, differing from
that species in its long and narrow leaves, with distinctive pubescence.

Psidium hypoglaucum, sp. nov. Frutex 60 cm. altus, ramis
acute quadrangulatis pallide cinnamomeis ad angulos angustissime
alatis densissime pilis albidis adscendentibus pilosulis, internodiis
2.5-3 cm. longis; folia opposita coriacea breviter petiolata, petiolo
crasso 3-5 mm. longo dense albido-pilosulo; lamina elliptico-obovata
vel fere elliptica 6-8.5 cm. longa, 4-5 cm. lata, apice rotundata vel
obtusissima et apiculata, acumine acuto, basi cuneata vel subobtusa,
utrinque dense puncticulata, supra densiuscule pilis albidis debilibus
pilosula, lucidula, venis prominulis arete reticulatis, subtus grisea,
ubique dense griseo-tomentosa, costa crassiuscula elevata, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere c. 9 angulo semirecto adscendentibus
gracilibus elevatis regularibus fere rectis vel leviter curvis juxta
marginem conjunctis, nervulis tomento fere occultis; pedunculi (unus
tantum visus) validi 3.5 cm. longi uniflori dense albido-pilosuli
axillares; bacca globosa c. 1.8 cm. longa basi et apice rotundata
albido-pilosula calyce persistente coronata; calyx c. 6 mm. longus
profunde et irregulariter lobatus. British Honduras: All Pines, in
open places, at sea level, September 7, 1930, William A. Schipp S99
(Herb. Field Mus. No. 621,957, type).

"Flowers white; fruit yellow; very rare."

From the other species described here, this differs conspicuously
in the abundant pale tomentum of the leaves, and in their numerous
veins.

Eugenia flavifolia, sp. nov. Arbor 7.5 m. alta, trunco 10 cm.
diam., ramulis gracilibus rigidis albidis, novellis ochraceis vel cin-

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 321

namomeis minutissime puberulis vel glabratis, internodiis plerumque
1.5-3 cm. longis; folia opposita breviter petiolata subcoriacea, petiolo
gracili 4-6 mm. longo minutissime puberulo vel glabrato; lamina
elliptico-oblonga vel oblongo-ovata 6-8 cm. longa 2-3.5 cm. lata,
obtusa vel acutiuscula, apice obtuso, basi acuta, supra lucida, pallide
luteo-viridis, epunctata, tantum ad costam minute puberula vel
fere glabra, venis prominulis, subtus paullo pallidior, luteo-viridis,
minute nigro-puncticulata, glabra, costa gracili elevata, nervis late-
ralibus utrpque latere c. 8 gracilibus prominulis angulo latiusculo
adscendentibus inaequalibus fere rectis prope marginem conjunctis,
nervulis prominulis reticulatis; flores racemosi, racemis axillaribus
solitariis plerumque 4-8-floris, rhachi usque ad 5 mm. longa, pedi-
cellis 2-6 mm. longis rigidiusculis minutissime puberulis vel glabratis,
bracteolis 2 late rotundatis c. 1 mm. longis minutissime puberulis et
ciliolatis; calycis tubus obovoideus glaber 1 mm. longus, sepalis 4
rotundatis 1.5 mm. longis glabris in statu fructifero usque ad 2 mm.
latis punctatis; petala alba rotundato-obovata apice rotundata vel
obtusissima 3.5 mm. longa puncticulata; bacca depresso-globosa
5-6 mm. lata dense punctata rubra basi et apice late rotundata,
apice calyce persistence coronata; semen !. British Honduras:
Stann Creek Railway, in swampy places, alt. 15 m., November 14,
1929, William A. Schipp 450 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 606,830, type) ;
in open forest, swampy places, November 12, 1929, Schipp 438.

The collector states that the tree is common, and that the flowers
have a strong perfume.

CORNACEAE

Cornus disciflora DC., var. floccosa (Wang.), comb. nov.
C. floccosa Wang. Repert. Sp. Nov. 6: 101. 1908.

Although the plant described as Cornus floccosa seems distinct
enough in its extreme state, there are intermediate specimens which
show that it can not well be maintained as a distinct species. It
does appear, however, to be worthy of varietal rank.

MYRSINACEAE

Stylogyne ramiflora (Oerst.) Mez. Only a single species,
Stylogyne laevis (Oerst.) Mez, of this genus has been known heretofore
from Mexico, but a recent collection permits the record of S. ramiflora
from the country: Chiapas: Rioarriba, December, 1925, S. Juzepczuk
1289.

Rapanea guianensis Aubl. This well-known shrub or small
tree ranges widely, being known in Mexico from Chiapas, and
occurring in Florida, the West Indies, and South America, but until
now it has not been discovered in Central America. The following

322 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

collection is at hand: British Honduras: All Pines, edge of man-
grove swamp, August, 1930, W. A. Schipp 536; a tree 9 m. high with
a trunk 12.5 cm. in diameter; fruits black.

PRIMULACEAE

Lysimachia mexicana Knuth in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 237:
308. 1905.

This species, so briefly characterized by its author, was based
upon Gakotti 7228 from the mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico. Another
collection has been seen by the present writer: El Pelado, Oaxaca,
August, 1843, Liebmann (F, Copenhagen).

SAPOTACEAE

Bumelia cuneata Sw. Besides the many recent additions to
the Central American Sapotaceae, there may now be recorded this
species from British Honduras: All Pines, growing among man-
groves, August, 1930, W. A. Schipp 585; a tree 6 m. high, the trunk
10 cm. in diameter, rare; fruits small and black.

APOCYNACEAE

Cameraria belizensis Standl. Trop. Woods 7: 8. 1926.

From British Honduras there may be reported another collection
of this interesting tree: Honey Camp, Orange Walk, September,
1928, C.L. Lundell XXV. The vernacular name is given as "chech^m
de caballo."

CONVOLVULAGEAE

Ipomoea digitata L. In spite of the fact that it is widely dis-
tributed in tropical America, and apparently common in some
regions, the present species probably has not been known before from
Central America, unless under some other specific name. The
following collection is from British Honduras: Sittee River, on river
bank, at sea level, September, 1930, W. A. Schipp 636; a vine 6 m.
long; corolla rose-pink; occasional.

Lysiostyles sericea, sp. noy. Frutex alte scandens, ramulis
gracilibus teretibus, novellis viridescentibus dense minute sericeis,
internodiis elongatis; folia petiolata alterna crasse papyracea, petiolo
gracili 1.5-3.5 cm. longo dense sericeo; lamina elliptico-oblonga vel
elliptico-ovata 7-13 cm. longa 3.5-6.5 cm. lata, apice obtusa vel acuta
et breviter apiculata vel interdum breyiter et subito acuminata, basi
leviter cordata usque ad acuta, supra in sicco cinereo-viridis, glabra,

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 323

venis non elevatis, subtus densissime sericea et lucida, costa gracili
elevata, nervis lateralibus utrpque latere c. 9 angulo acuto adscen-
dentibus gracillimis prominulis fere rectis; inflorescentiae axillares
solitariae breviter pedunculatae racemifprmes multiflorae petiolis
multo breviores, in statu fructifero plus minusve elongatae, pedicellis
crassiusculis dense sericeis plerumque 3-4 mm. longis, post anthesin
paullo elongatis; sepala aequalia suborbicularia 4 mm. longa apice
rotundata vel obtusissima et obscure apiculata extus dense sericea
intus glabra; corolla (in alabastro tantum visa) extus dense sericea fere
ad basin 5-fida, lobis triangulaHbus acutis; stamina ut videtur
exserta ad faucem affixa, antheris oblpngis; capsula subglobpsa c.
13 mm. longa glabra apice breviter apiculata 3-4-valvis, seminibus
3-4 magnis glabris. Honduras: Lancetilla Valley, Dept. Atlantida,
June-July, 1929, A. M. Chickenng 130 (Herb. Field Mus. No.
622,386, type). Lancetilla Valley, in wet thicket, alt. about 20 m.,
1927-28, Standley 55238, 56577.

The generic position of the shrub here described is decidedly
uncertain, but the plant seems to be placed more satisfactorily in
Lysiostyles than in any of the other described genera of the Con-
volvulaceae. The fruit is unusual for any group of the family. It is a
dry capsule with thick, woody, and more or less elastic valves, which
at maturity split into numerous longitudinal valves that resemble
barrel staves and remain attached to one another. The seeds are
covered with a copious orange-red fleshy coating. When fresh, the
fruits strongly suggest those of the North American bittersweet
(Celastrus). The plant seemed to be a rare one, for I saw only a few
individuals about Lancetilla. They were large woody vines, climbing
to the tops of small trees.

BORAGINACEAE

Bourreria oxyphylla Standl. Trop. Woods 16: 40. 1928.
New collections may be reported for this species, as follows:

British Honduras: Hillbank, July 12, 1928, C. S. Brown 21; a
tree 12-19 m. high, the trunk 45 cm. in diameter. Honey Camp,
Orange Walk, C. L. Lundell 117; vernacular name, "laurel."

VERBENACEAE

Tamonea curassavica (L.) Pers. Although rather widely dis-
tributed in eastern Mexico, and occurring as far south as Yucatan,
this plant is not recorded, apparently, as a member of the Central
American flora. The following collection may be reported: British
Honduras: In low scrub, All Pines, at sea level, September, 1930,
W. A. Schipp 612; a plant a meter high with blue flowers and black
fruit.

324 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Citharexylum hirtellum Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 257. 1929.

A second collection of this species may now be reported from
British Honduras: Freshwater Creek, September 6, 1928, J. B. Kin-
loch 2. The specimens are in flower.

SOLANACEAE

Eutheta, gen. nov. Herbae ramosae ut videtur erectae, hispi-
dulae, ramulis obtuse tetragonis; folia opposite vel superiora alterna,
simplicia, dentata; flores majusculi solitarii axillares pedunculati
albi, pedunculo supra medium fpliaceo-bibracteolato; calyx cam-
panulatus magnus 10-costatus viridis breyiter 5-dentatus, dentibus
triangularibus, fructifer auctus vesiculoso-inflatus, 5-angulatus, cap-
sulam includens; corolla infundibuliformi-campanulata magna, limbo
plicato 5-lobo, lobis late rotundatis; filamenta supra tubum brevem
corollae inserta, brevia, basi vix dilatata, antheris medip afRxis ovatis
apiculatis, loculis in longitudinem dehiscentibus; ovarium globosum
2-loculare, stylo gracili elongate, stigmatibus brevibus oblongis,
ovulis numerosissimis; capsula globoso-ovpidea calyce inflate inclusa,
acuminate, 2-locularis loculicide bivalvis; semina numerosissima
densissime cpnferta clavato-acicularia, testa pallida spongiosa, em-
bryone tereti recto fere centrali.

Type species, Cacabus hondurensis Donn. Smith.

There are at hand several Mexican collections of a curious
solanaceous plant which is evidently identical with one described
from Honduras by Captain John Donnell Smith under the name
Cacabus hondurensis. The plant, if one may judge from habit and
general appearance alone, is anomalous in the genus Cacabus. The
flowers and calyx are much like those of the genera Cacabus and Phy-
salis, and apparently they do not afford characters which would
justify the separation of the plant as a new generic type.

Fruits of Cacabus hondurensis have not been available until the
present time, but they are now supplied by a specimen collected in
1841 at Mirador, Mexico, by Liebmann. Examination of these
fruits shows that it is impossible to refer the plant to Cacabus, or to
the genus Physalis, although the latter group does contain some
rather anomalous species. The fruit of Cacabus hondurensis, as shown
by these Mexican specimens, is clearly a capsule rather than a berry,
but most remarkable are the seeds, which are unlike any that I have
seen elsewhere in the family. They are very numerous and closely
packed, acicular in form, tapering slightly toward the base, and they
have a pale translucent testa at about the middle of which there
appears the darker embryo.

Evidently the plant must be treated as a distinct genus, for
which the name Eutheta is here proposed:

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 325

Eutheta hondurensis (Bonn. Smith), comb. nov. Cacabus
hondurensis Bonn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 56: 60. 1913.

The following specimens have been seen: Honduras: Llano de la
Puerta near Copan, alt. 900 m., January 8, 1907, H. Pittier 1828
(U. S. Nat. Herb., type). Mexico: Totutla, August, 1841, Liebmann

15455 (F, Copenhagen). Bos Puentes, August, 1841, Liebmann

15456 (F, Copenhagen). Mirador, Veracruz, November, 1841,
Liebmann 15457 (F, Copenhagen). Hacienda Coahuayula, Micho-
acan, November, 1906, G. M. Emrick 95 (F); vernacular name,
"tomatillo."

Melananthus guatemalensis (Benth.) Solereder. This curious
plant was described from Guatemala, and was collected recently
in Honduras by the present writer (Field Mus. Bot. 4: 323. 1929).
The genus and species may now be reported for the flora of Mexico:
Consoquitla, August, 1841, Liebmann "Hypericaceae 38" (Herb.
Copenhagen; fragm. in herb. Field Mus.).

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Lagotis minor (Willd.), comb. nov. Gymnandra minor Willd.
Ges. Natuif. Freund. Berlin Mag. 5: 393. pi. 9J. 3. 1811.

Lagotis reniformis (Willd.), comb. nov. Gymnandra reniformis
Willd. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. 5: 396. pi. 10, f. 9. 1811.

Russelia campechiana Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23:
1309. 1924.

Known previously only from Campeche, this well-marked species
may now be reported from British Honduras: Honey Camp, October,
1929, C. L. Lundell 576. The specimens are in fruit only.

OROBANCHACEAE

Boschniakia rossica (C. & S.), comb. nov. Orobanche rossica
C. & S. Linnaea 3: 132. 1828. B. glabra C. A. Mey. ex Bong. Me'm.
Acad. St. Pe"tersb. VI. 2: 159. 1832.

RUBIACEAE

Cephalanthus glabratus (Spreng.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6 6 : 128. 1889. Buddleia glabrata Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 431. 1825.

Although this species is described and illustrated by Schumann
in the Flora Brasiliensis, no specimens are cited from Brazil. Probably
it has been recorded previously from Brazil, but, at any rate, it is
worth while to place on record the following collection from that
country: Rio Grande do Sul: Quinta prope Rio Grande, in silvis
fruticetisque plus minusve humidis, in 1892, Malme 404 (Herb.
Stockholm).

326 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) Gmel. Syst. Veg. 1: 370. 1796.
Ourouparia guianensis Aubl. PI. Guian. 177. pi. 168. 1775.

Brazil: Santa Cruz da Barra, Matto Grosso, in dumetis ripae
fluvii Paraguay, March, 1894, C. A. M. Lindman A3155 (Herb.
Stockholm).

Alseis involuta Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 6 : 189. 1889.

Brazil: Catinga bei Calderao, State of Bahia, October, 1906,
Ule 7268 (Herb. Kew.). The species is easily recognized by its sub-
capitate rather than elongate-spicate inflorescence. It seems to be
of rare occurrence.

Manettia minutiflora, sp. nov. Scandens, caulibus gracilibus
teretibus fuscis dense minuteque retrorso-pilosulis, internodiis
elongatis; stipulae brevissimae connatae, vagina truncata puberula
breviter apiculata et setuloso-ciliata; folia petiolata opposita crasse
membranacea, petiolo 5-7 mm. longo dense minute pilosulo; lamina
ovato-oblonga vel anguste elliptico-oblonga 4-7.5 cm. longa 1.5-3 cm.
lata longe acuminata, acumine angusto attenuate, basi acuta vel
acutiuscula, supra in sicco fusca, sparse et minutissime hispidula,
venis vix prominulis, subtus fere concolor, lucidula, densiuscule et
minute pilosula, costa gracili elevata, neryis lateralibus utroque
latere c. 4 angulo acuto adscendentibus gracillimis prominulis arcuatis
remote a margine conjunctis, nervulis prominulis arctissime reti-
culatis; flores minuti in cymas vel paniculas parvas paucifloras
laxas axillares et terminates dispositi, bracteis parvis, pedicellis
crassis plerumque 3-5 mm. longis rectis dense pilosulis; hypan-
thium anguste obovoideum 2 mm. longum basi acutiusculum
dense pilosulum; calyx 4-partitus, lobis 4 late ovatis vel rotundatis
c. 2 mm. longis et plerumque aequilatis patentibus vel recurvis apice
rotundatis usque ad acutis, dense puberulis, marginibus vulgo
revolutis; corolla hypocrateriformis extus glabra, tubo crasso 3-4 mm.
longo intus supra basin villoso, fauce non barbato, lobis 4 late
ovatis vel subrotundatis 2-2.5 mm. longis patentibus apice rotundatis
intus ad margines breviter villosulis aliter glabris; antherae inclusae;
stylus gracilis glaber breviter exsertus; capsula immatura oblongo-
ellipsoidea 6 mm. longa, 4 mm. lata, sparse puberula, basi subro-
tundata, calyce persistente coronata. Brazil : State of Minas Geraes,
1816-21, Augusle de Saint-Hilaire 718 (Herb. Paris, type), 980
(Herb. Paris).

In its small flowers and in the form of the corolla, the plant
approaches Manettia alba (Aubl.) Wernham, of the Guianas, but
that species differs in its relatively narrow calyx segments.

Manettia tomantha, sp. nov. Frutex scandens, caulibus
subteretibus vel subangulatis gracilibus olivaceis dense puberulis,
internodiis plerumque elongatis; stipulae in yaginam 1.5 mm. longam
olivaceam vel pallidam truncatam vel breviter mucronatam puber-

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 327

ulam connatae erectae; folia petiolata opposita crasse membranacea,
petiole gracili 5-12 mm. longo dense puberulo; lamina ovata vel
ovato-elliptica, interdum rotundato-ovata, 2.5-7 cm. longa, 1.3-3.8
cm. lata, abrupte acuta vel acuminata, interdum longe acuminata,
basi rotundata usque ad acuta, interdum abrupte contracta et
decurrens, supra olivacea, sublucida, dense puberula vel pilosula,
asperula, venis prominentibus et reticulatis, subtus paullo pallidior,
densissime puberula vel minute pilosula, mollis, costa gracili elevata,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 5 angulo acuto adscendentibus
prominentibus gracilibus arcuatis prope marginem conjunctis,
nervulis prominulis laxe reticulatis; flores plerumque axillares et
solitarii longe pedunculati, pedunculo vulgo 2-4 cm. longo puberulo
prope medium bracteis 2 foliaceis magnis usque ad 1.3 cm. longis
saepe fere orbicularibus onusto; hypanthium late obovoideum 2.5-3
mm. longum dense puberulum basi acutum; calyx basi in tubum
1 mm. longum connatus extus dense sordido-puberulus, laciniis 4
lineari-attenuatis 3-3.5 mm. longis erectis; corolla tubulosa 6.5-9 mm.
longa extus glabra subtruncata vel brevissime lobata, supra paullo
dilatato, limbo 3-3.5 mm. lato, tubo intus supra basin densissime
albo-villoso; stylus glaber interdum exsertus. Brazil: Goyaz, April,
1844, H. A. Weddell 2667 (Herb. Paris, type).

The plant represents a well-marked species, distinguished by the
very short corolla lobes and short-tubular calyx. The foliage, also,
is characteristic.

Manettia campanulacea, sp. nov. Scandens, caulibus graci-
libus viridibus conspicue 4-alatis, alis tenuibus usque ad 1 mm. latis
ciliatis, internodiis brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae in vaginam trun-
catam 2 mm. longam connatae; folia petiolata opposita tenuiter
membranacea, petiolo gracillimo 5-13 mm. longo ciliato vel glabrato;
lamina ovata vel elliptico-ovata 3-6 cm. longa 1.2-3 cm. lata acu-
minata vel abrupte acuminata, basi acuta vel late obtusa et subito
contracta, supra viridis, prope marginem minute pilosula, aliter
glabra, venis manifestis sed vix prominulis, subtus pallidior, glabra,
costa gracili vix elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 6 angulo
acuto adscendentibus gracillimis vix prominulis arcuatis, nervulis
obscuris vel obsoletis; flores axillares solitarii, pedicellis gracilibus
1-3 cm. longis ebracteatis glabris; hypanthium anguste clavatum
5 mm. longum versus basin longe attenuatum sparse pilosulum vel
glabrum; calyx 4-partitus, laciniis 4 anguste lineari-attenuatis 8-15
mm. longis viridibus sparse ciliolatis adscendentibus; corolla 16 mm.
longa tubuloso-infundibuliformis extus praesertim prope basin sparse
breviterque villosula, tubo crasso prope basin paullo dilatato, intus
supra basin dense villoso, ad medium 2 mm. lato, supra medium
sensim dilatato, ore 4 mm. lato, lobis 4 adscendentibus 2.5 mm.
longis late ovatis acutiusculis; antherae tubi medium vix superantes
oblongae 3 mm. longae. Brazil: Sao Gabriel, State of Minas Geraes,
1816-21, Auguste de Saint- Hilaire (Herb. Paris, type).

328 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Following Wernham's key to the species of Manettia, the present
plant runs at once to M. dominicensis Wernham, a species of the
Lesser Antilles with similar but much shorter calyx lobes.

Manettia verticillata Wernham, Gen. Manettia 34. 1919.
Brazil: Itatiaia, in 1918, P. Campos Porto 15442 (Herb. Berol.).

Manettia paulina, sp. nov. Frutex scandens, caulibus gracil-
limis teretibus pallide olivaceis dense minutissime puberulis, inter-
nodiis elongatis; stipulae c. 1 mm. longae breviter apiculatae, margine
dense glanduloso-denticulato; folia petiolata opposita membranacea,
petiolo gracili 5-7 mm. longo puberulo; lamina oblongo-lanceolata
vel oyato-oblonga 2.5-6 cm. longa 1-2.5 cm. lata longe sensimque
acuminata, acumine acuto, basi obtusa, supra in sicco fusco-viridis,
sublucida, minute sparsissime puberula vel fere omnino glabra, venis
prominulis, subtus fere concolor, sparse et minutissime puberula vel
glabrata, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 5
angulo lato adscendentibus prominentibus gracilibus arcuatis prope
marginem conjunctis, nervulis prominulis arete reticulatis, margine
piano; flores axillares solitarii longissime pedunculati, pedunculo
gracili 1.5-4 cm. longo puberulo prope medium bibracteato, bracteis
foliis conformibus plerumque 5-8 mm. longis; hypanthium late
obovoideum 2.5 mm. longum basi acutum dense puberulum; calyx
4-partitus, lobis foliaceis viridibus late ovato-triangularibus 3.5^-5
mm. longis et fere aequilatis acutis vel obtusiusculis minute puberulis;
corolla magna clavata extus sparse puberula c. 4 cm. longa, tubo
prope basin 2 mm. lato supra sensim dilatato ore 5-6 mm. lato,
lobis 4 late ovato-rotundatis 2-3 mm. longis erectis; antherae pallidae
semiexsertae. Brazil: State of Sao Paulo, 1816-21, Auguste de
Satnt- Hilaire 1229 (Herb. Paris, type).

In Wernham's key to the species of Manettia, this plant runs to
M. angustifolia Wernham, a species of Paraguay with much narrower
leaves, narrow calyx lobes, and a shorter corolla.

Manettia quinquenervia Sprague, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 5:
266. 1905.

The type of this rather well-marked species was collected in the
State of Santa Catharina, Brazil, Fritz Mueller 122, and no other
specimens are cited by Wernham in his account of the genus Manettia.
The following Brazilian specimens recently examined, all of them
in the Stockholm herbarium, seem to be referable to M. quinquenervia:

Parana: Volta Grande, Serra do Mar, in fruticetis, 400 m.,
Dusen 9904, 8622. Serra do Mar, Ypiranga ad marginem viae
ferreae, Dusen 3487. Ponta Grossa, in fruticetis, 880 m., Dusen
9911; in silvula, 880 m., Dusen 7522. Jaguariahyba, in fruticetis,
Dusen 304a. Santa Catharina: Itayahy, ad marginem silvae pri-
maevae, Dusen 8401 .

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 329

The collections cited show unusual variation in the form of the
calyx lobes, which vary from oblong to subulate, but all the speci-
mens appear to be conspecific.

Manettia Burchellii Wernham, Gen. Manettia 18. 1919.

The species was based by Wernham upon a single specimen,
Burchell 4855 from Rancho do Feliz, Brazil. One additional collection
has come to the attention of the writer: Brazil: Province of Sao
Paulo, 1816-21, Auguste de Saint- Hilaire 703 (Herb. Paris).

Manettia verticillata Wernham, Gen. Manettia 34. 1919.

Brazil: Prov. Minas Geraes, 1816-21, Auguste de Saint- Hilaire
1060 (Herb. Paris).

Manettia parvula Schum. ex Glaziou, Bull. Soc. Bot. France
56: Me'm. 3: 336. 1909, nomen; Wernham, Gen. Manettia 26. 1919.

Brazil: Prov. Minas Geraes, 1816-21, Auguste de Saint- Hilaire
2466 (Herb. Paris).

Manettia Hoehnei, sp. nov. Herbacea volubilis, caulibus
gracilibus subteretibus fuscis glabris, internodiis plerumque foliis
brevioribus, rarius longioribus; stipulae in vaginam subincrassatam
glabram c. 1 mm. longam connatae, parte libera aequilonga tri-
angulari-oblonga erecta; folia subcarnosa in sicco tenuiter coriacea
mediocria petiolata opposita, petiolo 4-10 mm. longo glabro; lamina
ovata, ovato-oblonga vel late ovato-elliptica, 2-5 cm. longa, 1-3.5 cm.
lata, acuta vel acuminata, interdum abrupte acuta, basi rotundata
vel pbtusa, rare acuta, glabra, supra in sicco fusca vel luteo-yiridis,
venis subimpressis, subtus paullo pallidior, costa gracili prominente,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 4 prominulis angulo acuto adscen-
dentibus arcuatis, nervulis occultis, marginibus interdum sub-
revolutis; inflorescentiae axillares pauciflorae vel rarius multiflorae
breviter racemosae vel subumbellatae foliis yulgo breviores, pedicellis
crassiusculis plerumque rectis c. 1 cm. longis glabris vel saepe sparse
puberulis vel breviter pilosiusculis; hypanthium glabrum vel sparse
puberulum 2 mm. longum obovoideum basi acutiusculum ; calyx
4-partitus glaber, laciniis c. 2 mm. longis ovatis vel late ovatis
obtusis vel acutiusculis patentibus vel subreflexis post anthesin
paullo accrescentibus; corolla alba apice rubra extus glabra tubo
gracili cylindraceo 8-9 mm. longo 1.2 mm. crasso, lobis 4 suberectis
1.5 mm. longis triangulari-ovatis acutiusculis; capsula subglobosa
c. 4 mm. longa et 5 mm. lata glabra tenuiter costata apice truncata
vel late truncata, basi abrupte contracta. Brazil (State of Sao
Paulo) : Alto da Serra, March 4, 1918, F. C. Hoehne 1599 (Herb.
Berol., type). Alto da Serra, April 19, 1918, Hoehne 1818 (Herb.
Berol.). Sao Bernardo, August, 1895, Gustavo Edwall 11437 (Herv.
Comm. Geogr. de S. Paulo No. 3095; herb. Berol.). Serra da Can-
tareira, 400 m., June, 1913, Tamandare & Erode 7450 (Herb. Berol.).

330 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

It is rather strange that a plant apparently so common as this,
or at least represented by so many collections, should not have come
to the attention of Wernham, when he was preparing his account of
the genus Manettia. It can not be traced in his key to any Brazilian
species with which the specimens may be associated, nor does it
agree with any of the described Brazilian species, material of almost
all of which is available for comparison.

Manettia Bradei, sp. nov. Herba volubilis, caulibus gracil-
limis subteretibus dense pilis brevibus pallidis patentibus yel ple-
rumque reflexis pilosulis, internodiis foliis brevioribus vel longioribus;
stipulae minutae in vaginam subtruncatam dense puberulam con-
natae; folia membranacea breviter petiolata opposita, petiolo gracili
2-3 mm. longo dense albido-pilosulo vel subtomentoso; lamina
anguste elliptico-oblonga vel ovato-oblonga 3-6 cm. longa 1-1.8 cm.
lata acuta vel breviter acuminata basi acuta, supra asperula viridis
dense pilis brevissimis subadpressis pallidis pilosula, subtus paullo
pallidior, mollis, dense pilis breviusculis patentibus vel subadpressis
pilosula vel fere tomentulosa, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 4 angulq angusto adscendentibus subarcuatis pro-
minulis gracilibus, nervulis obscuris; flores axillares solitarii medi-
ocres, pedicellis crassiusculis 2-7 mm. longis dense albido-villosulis;
hypanthium obovoideum c. 2.5 mm. longum dense albo-tomentosum
basi acutiusculum ; calyx 4-partitus, laciniis latissime ovatis c. 3 mm.
longis et 2.5 mm. latis breviter petiolulatis acutis utrinque dense
pilosulis; corolla rubra tubulosa 17 mm. longa 2-2.5 mm. crassa,
extus densissime pilis brevibus pluricellularibus villosa, lobis 4 luteis
rotundato-ovatis obtusis 2 mm. longis suberectis. Brazil : Sao
Paulo, Serra da Cantareira, in thickets, December, 1911, Alex. Curt
Erode 5281 (Herb. Stockholm, type).

A relative of Manettia Riedelii Wernham, described from the
state of Rio de Janeiro. That species differs in its shorter corolla
with larger lobes.

Manettia pedunculata (Spreng.) Schum., var. glabra Wern-
ham, Gen. Manettia 22. 1919.

The glabrous variety of M. pedunculata was based upon a single
specimen, Miers 3310, from foot of the Gavea, Rio de Janeiro. Two
additional collections, one of them from the type locality, may be
reported: Brazil: Lower half of the Gavea, Rio de Janeiro, February,
1897, Ule 4262 (Herb. Berol.). Itatiaia, 1,050 m., May, 1918, P.
Campos Porto 15441 (Herb. Berol.).

Manettia Samuelssoniana, sp. nov. Herbacea volubilis,
caulibus gracillimis viridibus subangulatis retrorso-pilosulis et plus
minusve puberulis, internodiis saepe foliis longioribus; stipulae
persistentes in vaginam pallidam puberulam 1.5 mm. longam con-

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 331

natae, parte libera aequilonga pvato-triangulari reflexa acutiuscula
apice setuloso-denticulata; folia longe petiolata opposita mem-
branacea, petiolo gracili 8-15 mm. longo pilosulo; lamina ovato-
lanceolata vel oblongo-ovata 3-5.5 cm. longa 1-2 cm. lata longe
attenuato-acuminata, basi acuta vel saepe abrupte contracta et
decurrens, supra laete viridis, sparse puberula vel pilosula, subtus
pallidior, ubique satis dense pilis brevibus pallidis subadpressis
pilosula, costa gracillima prominula, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
3-4 gracillimis angulo acuto adscendentibus arcuatis; flores solitarii
magni, pedicellis gracilibus 2-3.5 cm. longis dense pilis patentibus
vel adscendentibus pilosulis; hypanthium late clavatum fere 5 mm.
longum basin versus longe attenuatum dense pilosum; calyx ad
basin 4-partitus, laciniis distincte breviterque petiolulatis foliaceis
viridibus lanceolatis vel anguste oblongo-lanceolatis plerumque
8-11 mm. longis longe attenuatis utrinque dense pilosulis patentibus
vel saepius subrecurvis; corolla tubulosa basi yix vel non inflata
2 cm. longa 4-5 mm. lata, ubique densissime pilis longis pluricellu-
laribus patentibus villosa, lobis 4 ovato-rotundatis 3 mm. longis
obtusis erectis. Argentina: Misiones, in distr. urb. Posadas, prae-
cipue in vicin. coloniae Bonpland, W. Lillieskold (Herb. Stockholm,
type).

The Argentine plant is a relative of M. luteo-rubra Benth., of
Brazil, and M. Rojasiana Chod. & Hassl., of Paraguay. The former
is distinguished by non-foliaceous calyx segments and by more
abundant pubescence, as well as by the short hairs of the corolla.
M. Rojasiana differs in having a corolla that is swollen above the
middle and narrowed toward the apex; also in its broad sessile calyx
segments.

The species is named for Dr. Gunnar Samuelsson, of the State
Museum of Stockholm, to whom the writer is greatly indebted for
the generous loan of a large amount of South American material of
the Rubiaceae.

Manettia paranensis, sp. nov. Herba volubilis, caulibus
gracilibus fusco-olivaceis densiuscule pilis brevibus patentibus sordi-
dis pilosulis, internodiis elongatis; stipulae 1-1.5 mm. longae trian-
gulari-subulatae erectae subadpressae puberulae persistentes; folia
petiolata opposita, petiolo gracili 5-13 mm. longo minute pilosulo;
lamina ovata membranacea 3-5.5 cm. longa, 1.2-3 cm. lata, sensim
vel abrupte acuminata, acumine attenuato acutissimo, basi obtusa
vel rotundata, interdum abrupte contracta et brevissime decurrens,
fere concolor, supra sparse hispidula vel glabrata, costa venisque
prominulis, subtus sparse subadpresso-hispidula vel scaberula, costa
gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 5 prominulis
angulo acuto adscendentibus arcuatis remote a margine conjunctis,
nervulis obscuris; flores in axillis foliorum reductorum solitarii
subracemose dispositi, vel interdum terminales et solitarii, pedun-

332 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

culis plerumque 1-3 cm. longis minute pilosulis prope medium foli-
aceo-bibracteolatis; hypanthium obovoideum 2 mm. longum glabrum
vel sparse puberulum; calyx 4-partitus, laciniis viridibus foliaceis
7-11 mm. longis et 5-6 mm. latis, late ovatis vel ellipticis, acutis
vel acuminatis, basi angustatis, glabris vel glabratis; corolla ut
videtur coccinea extus glabra 3.5-4.3 cm. longa tubuloso-infundi-
buliformis, e basi angusta versus orem sensim dilatata, supra 1 cm.
lata, lobis rotundato-ovatis erectis 8 mm. longis et aequilatis obtusis
vel acutiusculis. Brazil: Serra do Mar, State of Parana, Caiguava,
baud procul a Carvalho aquaeductu, alt. 1,950 m., November 19,
1909, P. Dusen 8964 (Stockholm herb., type). Serra do Mar, Monte
Alegre, in silva primaeva, 1,000 m., November 23, 1909, Dusen 9007
(Stockholm).

The plant belongs in the group of M. cordifolia Mart., the species
to which it was referred by the collector. It is sufficiently distinct
from that species, however, in the very large and broad calyx seg-
ments, whose form is not approached by any specimens of M.
cordifolia that I have seen. In Wernham's key to the species of
Manettia, M. paranensis runs directly to M. stipulosa Wernham,
which is based on a specimen collected in Brazil by Gardner. I have
seen no material of M. stipulosa, but according to description it
differs from the present plant in having glabrous leaves, much
larger stipules, and much narrower calyx lobes.

Manettia Schunkei Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 273. 1929.

Several additional specimens of this recently described Peruvian
species are now at hand, and deserve citation here: Peru: Chan-
chamayo Valley, 1,200-1,500 m., in March and April, 1929, Carlos
Schunke 1444, 1461, 1428.

Manettia poliodes Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 151. 1930.

An additional collection of this species has appeared among
material received recently on loan from Berlin: Peru: Valle de
Apurimac, alrededores del pueblo de Mollepata, 2,750 m., December,
1926, F.L. HerreralZSO.

Manettia asclepiadacea, sp. nov. Herbacea volubilis, caulibus
gracilibus olivaceis ad angulos retrorso-pilosulis, internodiis valde
elongatis; stipulae latissimae et brevissimae ad margines breviter
setuloso-pectinatae; folia petiolata opposita, petiolo gracili 1-1.5 cm.
longo sparse minute pilosulo; lamina membranacea elliptica 10-13 cm.
longa, 4.5^5.5 cm. lata, abrupte longiacuminata, acumine anguste
triangulari longe attenuate, basi acuta, glabra, supra viridis, costa
venisque manifestis sed vix elevatis, subtus pallida, minutissime
pallido-puncticulata, costa crassiuscula vix elevata, neryis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 6 obscuris arcuatis, nervulis obsoletis; inflorescentiae

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 333

axillares subsessiles umbelliformes, multiflorae, pedicellis crassius-
culis 5-9 mm. longis puberulis; hypanthium obovoideum 5 mm.
longum dense pilosulum; calyx 4-partitus, laciniis c. 8 mm. longis,
fructiferis usque ad 10 mm. et ultra, lanceolatis vel anguste oyatis
acuminatis crassiusculis puberulis ciliatis adscendentibus viridibus;
corolla breviter densiuscule albido-pilosula, tubo 12 mm. longo supra
paullo dilatato albo fauce 2.5 mm. lato, lobis luteis ad apices purpureis
anguste lanceolato-oblongis 4.5 mm. longis acutiusculis; antherae
albae; capsula immatura obovoidea 8 mm. longa basi acuta vel
attenuata sparse pilosula. Peru : In dense forest, San Antonio, on
Rio Itaya, Dept. Loreto, alt. 110 m., September 18, 1929, E. P.
Killip andA.C. Smith 29476 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 613,724, type).

In general appearance as well as in details of the flowers the
plant is similar to Manettia tarapotensis Wernham, but in that there
are eight rather than four calyx lobes.

Lecanosperma lycioides Rusby, Bull. Torrey Club 20: 431.
pi. 168. 1893.

The following collections of this rather common plant probably
are older than any of those cited previously: Bolivia: Without
locality, in 1839, Pentland 84 (Herb. Paris). Prov. Yunquisivi,
December, 1846, Weddell 4186 (Herb. Paris). Near Chaquilaca (?),
D'Orbigny 1189 (Herb. Paris).

Bouvardia dictyoneura Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 109. 1921.

The species has been known only from the type, collected in
Chiapas, Mexico. A Central American collection may now be
reported: Guatemala: Volcan de Atitlan, 2,700 m., January, 1874,
Salvin (Herb. Kew.). In the Guatemalan specimen the leaves are
sparsely hispidulous beneath, rather than glabrous as in the type,
but in all other characters it seems to agree with the Mexican
material.

Bouvardia Rekoi Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 108. 1921.

This Mexican species has been known previously only from the
type, collected in Mexico. One additional collection may now be
reported: Mexico: Forests near Arumbaro, Ghiesbreght 360 (Herb.
Paris). A shrub 1.5-1.8 m. high; corolla orange-red.

Bouvardia villosa Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 107. 1921.

Known heretofore only from Conzatti & Vdsquez I486, from
Oaxaca, Mexico. A single additional collection has come to the
attention of the writer: Oaxaca: Without definite locality, in 1834,
Andrieux (Herb. Paris).

334 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Bouvardia orizabensis, sp. nov. - Frutex parce ramosus, ramis
vetustioribus subteretibus vel obtuse tetragonis ochraceis, novellis
in sicco fuscis glabris, internodiis foliis paullo brevioribus; stipulae
persistentes erectae basi in vaginam brevem connatae 4-5 mm.
longae glabrae vel obscure puberulae, parte libera anguste triangulari
abrupte attenuata; folia plerumque ternata breviter petiolata mem-
branacea, petiolo gracili 2-4 mm. longo glabro; lamina anguste
lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata 4.5-7.5 cm. longa 1.5-2.8 cm. lata,
longe angusteque attenuatp-acuminata, basi acuta vel obtusa, in
sicco fusca, glabra, supra interdum sublucida, venis non elevatis,
subtus paullo pallidior, costa gracili prominente, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere 5-6 angulo acutissimo adscendentibus gracillimis
prominulis; flores ad apices ramulorum cymosi, cymis sessilibus
foliaceo-bracteatis pauci- vel multifloris densis, ramis densiuscule
puberulis vel glabris, pedicellis plerumque 1-3 mm. longis, floribus
interdum sessilibus; hypanthium hemisphaericum 1.5 mm. longum
basi rotundatum glabrum vel obscure puberal um; calyx 4-partitus,
laciniis 2.5-3 mm. longis erectis triangulari-linearibus longe attenu-
atis glabris vel glabratis viridibus; corolla gracilis extus glabra,
tubo 14-17 mm. longo supra paullo sensimque dilatato ore 3 mm.
lato intus supra basin dense villoso, lobis 4 late ovatis 3-4 mm.
longis acutiusculis intus glabris suberectis; antherae anguste oblongae
inclusae; stylus gracilis glaber interdum exsertus; capsula didyma
c. 6 mm. longa et 7-8 mm. lata glabra; semina numerosa c. 2 mm.
lata fusco-ferruginea late alata compressa. Mexico: Orizaba, Vera-
cruz, September, 1854, M.Botteri 604 (Herb. Paris, type). Orizaba,
Botteri (Herb. Paris). Wartenberg, near Tantoyuca, Prov. Huasteca,
in 1858, Ervendberg 105 (Herb. Paris).

It is surprising that a plant so well marked as this has not come
to light in the ample Bouvardia material of American herbaria which
has been examined at one time or another by the writer. If any
specimens have been seen, their distinguishing characters were over-
looked. Bouvardia orizabensis is related clearly to B. bouvardioides
(Seem.) Stand!., of the mountains of western Mexico. In that
species the branchlets are pruinose-puberulent, and the stipules are
united into a pluriaristate sheath.

Cinchona amazonica, sp. nov. Arbor mediocris, ramulis
crassiusculis subcompressis et obtuse quadrangulatis fusco-brunneis
dense minutissime sericeis; stipulae caducae, non visae; folia petiolata
opposita, petiolo 1.5-3 cm. longo gracili minute sericeo vel glabrato;
lamina crasse membranacea obovato-elliptica 15-25 cm. longa,
7.5-12 cm. lata, apice obtusa vel subacuta abrupte breviterque
acuminata, acumine anguste triangulari attenuate, basin versus longe
angustata, supra viridis, costa venisque prominulis, glabra, subtus
paullo pallidior, sparse et minutissime sericea vel glabrata, costa
gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 13 obliquis angulo
circa semirecto adscendentibus gracilibus prominentibus fere rectis

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 335

prope marginem cpnjunctis, nervulis prominulis laxe reticulatis;
inflorescentia terminalis maxima late paniculata laxe multiflora
sessilis c. 30 cm. longa et 35 cm. lata, basi trichotoma, supra copiose
ramosa, ramis oppositis divaricatis dense puberulis vel sericeis,
bracteis linearibus vel lineari-subulatis usque ad 1.5 cm. longis
longe attenuatis extus dense sericeis, floribus in cymulas parvas
densas aggregates plerumque sessilibus; hypanthium turbinatum
1.5 mm. longum dense minute sericeum basi acutum, calyce 5-partito,
laciniis 1.5-2 mm. longis extus minute sericeis lineari-attenuatis vel
angustissime triangulari-lanceolatis erectis; corolla 3.5-4 mm. longa
extus minute denseque tomentella in alabastro obtusa, tubo cylin-
draceo, lobis 5 oblongis obtusis tubum aequantibus patentibus intus
dense albo-villosis. Peru: Pebas, on the Amazon River, Dept.
Loreto, in forest, July 24, 1929, Llewelyn Williams 1747 (Herb.
Field Mus. No. 604,562, type).

It certainly is not advisable to describe further species in the
genus Cinchona, in which already there have been described so
many, although but few of them can be maintained on characters
that would be considered significant in other groups of the Rubiaceae.
I do not know that the present plant is more worthy of specific
rank than most of the other species already described, but it does
seem to be recognizable, so far as the single specimen is concerned,
and does not match any of the numerous species of which photo-
graphs or specimens are available for comparison. In the extremely
small size of its flowers Cinchona amazonica resembles C. micrantha
R. & P., but in that the calyx lobes or teeth are very short and
broadly triangular.

Macrocnemum latilimbum Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 154.
1930.

A second collection of this species may be reported: Colombia:
Forest near Santa Ana, Prov. Mariquita, February, 1843, J. Linden
1165 (Herb. Paris). "Flowers pink."

Remijia longifolia Benth. in herb., sp. nov. Arbuscula 4.5-6 m.
alta, ramulis crassis obtuse trigonis dense hirsutis et pilosis; stipulae
coriaceae lanceolato-oblongae 8 cm. longae longe attenuatae dense
hirsutae et pilosae erectae; folia petiolata coriacea ternata, petiolo
crasso c. 5 cm. longo dense hirsuto; lamina oblanceolato-oblonga c.
33 cm. longa et 11.5 cm. lata apice acuta et abrupte caudato-cuspi-
data, basin versus longe sensim angustata, supra in sicco fusca
sparse hirsuta, venis impressis, subtus densiuscule pilis plerumque
patentibus fulvis hispido-hirsuta, costa crassa elevata, nervis laterali-
bus utroque latere c. 17 angulo semirecto vel paullo latiore adscen-
dentibus gracilibus elevatis leviter arcuatis vel fere rectis marginem
attingentibus, nervulis non elevatis arete reticulatis; inflorescentiae
axillares 20 cm. longe pedunculatae subspiciformes et c. 20 cm.

336 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

longae, e verticillis paucis cymarum remotis composita, rhachi
breviter dense pilosa et sparse hirsuta, cymis parvis pauci- vel
multifloris densis brevissime pedunculatis, infimis usque ad 1.5 cm.
longe pedunculatis, bracteis brevibus ovatis acutis vel acuminatis
strigosis, floribus sessilibus; hypanthium 3 mm. longum globoso-
oblongum densissime pilis fulvis vel subferrugineis subadpressis
pilosum basi obtusum; calyx 2.5 mm. longus extus subadpresso-
hispidulus primo truncatus et remote minutissime denticulatus, in
anthesi inaequaliter fissus; corolla extus densissime sericeo-pilosa,
tubo crasso 10 mm. longo supra vix dilatato, lobis 5 crassis 5.5-6 mm.
longis anguste oblongis obtusis intus glabris; stamina inclusa infra
medium tubi inserta, antheris anguste oblongis vel linearibus; stylus
brevis, lobis oblongo-linearibus; capsula oblonga 2-4 cm. longa
fusco-ferruginea c. 13 mm. lata, basi acuta, glabrata; semina nume-
rosa brunnescentia c. 1.5 cm. longa lucida, parte centrali 3-^4 mm.
longa ala tenui lata cincta. Brazil : Ad Panure", in silvis humilioribus,
December, 1852, R. Spruce 2855 (Herb. Kew., type).

Related to Remijia firmula (Mart.) Wedd., which has a pyriform
capsule only 1 cm. long and stipules only 3 cm. in length. The
specimen is ample and complete, but Spruce's notes read : "Fragment,
but the ants plaster up the flower buds."

Ladenbergia Pittieri Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 51. 1930.

This species, described from the mountains of Venezuela, may
now be recorded from Colombia: Prov. Ocana, 1,500 m., July,
1846-52, in flower, L. Schlim 691 (Herb. Paris). Flowers white.

Ladenbergia macrocarpa (Vahl) Klotzsch in Hayne, Arzneigew.
14: sub pi. 15. 1846. Cinchona macrocarpa Vahl, Skrivt. Naturh.
Selsk. 1:20. 1790.

Colombia: Highlands of Santa Rosa, Antioquia, 1,800-2,500 m.,
Lehmann 7432. Upper Rio Guatepe, between Medellin and Nare,
Dept. Antioquia, Kalbreyer 1443 (Herb. Berol., Herb. Kew.); a shrub
or small tree 8-14 m. high; leaves thick, stiff, leathery, lustrous;
flowers white, very fragrant; in forest in open sunny places.

Ladenbergia ferruginea, sp. nov. Frutex 4-metralis, ramulis
gracilibus obtuse tetragonis densiuscule pilis ferrugineis rigidiusculis
patentibus hispidulo-pilosis, internodiis elongatis; stipulae caducae,
non visae; folia petiolata opposita subcoriacea, petiolo gracili 1.5-3
cm. longo ferrugineo-piloso; lamina oblongo-elliptica vel lanceplato-
oblonga 14-25 cm. longa 5.5-9 cm. lata acuta vel breviter acuminata,
acumine acutiusculo, basi acuta vel basin versus longius angustata,
supra in sicco fusca, glabra vel primo ad costam ferrugineo-villosa,
venis non elevatis, subtus fusco-ferruginea, praesertim ad venas
ferrugineo-pilosa vel subtomentosa, costa gracili elevata, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere c. 16 angulo lato abeuntibus prominentibus
gracilibus fere rectis juxta marginem conjunctis, nervulis obscuris
laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis cymoso-paniculata 6-7 cm.

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 337

longe pedunculata, basi trichotoma, 10-12 cm. longa et fere aequilata,
ramis crassiusculis adscendentibus, infimis 3-5 cm. longis dense
ferrugineo-tomentosis, cymis densis multifloris c. 3 cm. latis, bracteis
lineari-subulatis extus tpmentosis pedicellis aequilongis, pedicellis
plerumque 2-3 mm. longis crassis; hypanthium oblongo-obovoideum
2.5-3 mm. longum dense f errugineo-pilosum ; calyx tubulpso-cam-
panulatus 3.5 mm. longus sparse ferrugineo-pilosus breyissime den-
tatus, dentibus triangularibus vel latissime depresso-triangularibus
acutis vel apiculatis; corolla alba extus dense adpressp-pilosa et
obscure tomentella, tubo gracili 10-12 mm. longo supra vix dilatato,
lobis 6-7 mm. longis anguste lanceolatis patentibus attenuatis extus
dense strigosis, intus glabratis sed prope margines pilis apicem versus
inflatis minutis puberulis; antherae inclusae; stylus inclusus. Peru:
Chunchusmayo, Prov. Sandia, Dept. Puno, in forest near the river,
alt. 900 m., June 13, 1902, A. Weberbauer 1175 (Herb. Berol., type).

Distinguished from other Peruvian species by the abundant
rust-colored pubescence.

Gapirona decorticans Spruce, Journ. Linn. Soc. 3: 200. 1859.

Colombia: Llano de San Martin, Prov. Bogota, 210 m., Triana
1791 (Herb. Paris).

Ferdinandusa loretensis, sp. nov. Arbor 6-metralis, ramulis
crassiusculis subteretibus ferrugineis sparse puberulis vel glabratis;
stipulae non visae; folia breviter petiolata opposita crasse coriacea,
petiolo crasso 8-14 mm. longo ferrugineo-puberulo vel glabrato;
lamina oblongo-elliptica 10.5^-15 cm. longa 6-7 cm. lata abrupte
breviterque acuminata, acumine triangulari obtuso, basi rotundata
vel abrupte breviterque contracta, supra in sicco fusca, lucida, glabra,
venis non elevatis, subtus fusco-brunnescens, ubique densiuscule pilis
brevissimis subadpressis hispidula vel serius glabrata, costa crassa
elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 10 angulo semirecto
adscendentibus elevatis gracilibus fere rectis in marginem desinenti-
bus, nervulis transversis prominentibus distantibus irregularibus
subparallelis; inflorescentia terminalis cymoso-paniculata parva
pauciflora breviter pedunculata, ramis crassis glabris vel sparse
puberulis, pedicellis crassis usque ad 6 mm. longis fere glabris,
bracteis deciduis; hypanthium anguste turbinatum 2 mm. longum
basin versus attenuatum glabrum ; calyx c. 1.5 mm. longus et 3.5 mm.
latus glaber breviter 4-dentatus, dentibus minutis remotis trian-
gularibus acutis erectis; corolla alba glabra, tubo gracili 3-4.5 cm.
longo supra vix vel non dilatato 2.5-3 mm. crasso fauce glabro,
iobis 4 patentibus asymmetricis 8-10 mm. longis intus glabris;
antherae breviter exsertae 2 mm. longae curvatae; stylus gracilis
glaber c. 1 cm. longe exsertus, stigmate bilobo, lamellis ovalibus c.
2 mm. longis: capsula oblanceplato-oblonga c. 3.8 cm. longa et
1.4 cm. lata glabra fusco-ferruginea, apice rotundata, basin versus
longe attenuata; discus crassus annuliformis calyce multo brevior.

338 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Peru: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, Dept. Loreto, in forest, altitude
about 100 m., May-June, 1930, G. Klug 1348 (Herb. Field Mus.
No. 622,213, type).

The material available is rather fragmentary and unsatisfactory,
but it is complete so far as flowers and fruit are concerned. The
plant is well distinguished from the related species by the unusually
long and slender corolla tube, and by the characteristic pubescence
of the lower leaf surface.

Hillia Goudotii, sp. nov. Omnino glabra, ramulis crassis sub-
teretibus pallide ferrugineis, internodiis elongatis; stipulae caducae,
non yisae; folia breviter petiolata opposita crasse coriacea, petiolo
crassiusculo 0.8-2.5 cm. longo; lamina ovata, elliptico-ovata vel
oblongo-elliptica 14-20 cm. longa 5-8 cm. lata subabrupte longi-
acuminata, acumine angusto attenuate, basi acuta vel interdum
subobtusa et abrupte breviterque contracta, in sicco fusca, subtus
fere concolor, nervis obscuris, lateralibus utroque latere c. 6 angulo
acutissimo adscendentibus; flores ad apicem rami terni c. 6 mm.
longe pedicellati, pedicellis crassiusculis; hypanthium oblongum c.
1 cm. longum 4 mm. latum basi acutum; calyx 6-partitus, laciniis
viridibus oblongo-linearibus 2.S-3 cm. longis 3-5 mm. latis longe
attenuatis erectis; corolla gracilis infundibuliformis, tubo 4-4.5 cm.
longo medio 1.5-2 mm. lato supra abrupte dilatato ore 1 cm. lato,
lobis 6 ovato-rotundatis c. 6 mm. longis apice rotundatis; antherae
inclusae lineares 9 mm. longae; capsula cylindracea 9 cm. longa
extus fusca, valvis post dehiscentiam 1.8 cm. latis, basi et apice
acuta; semina numerosissima parva cum coma c. 1 cm. longa.
Colombia: Rio Sucio, Cauca Valley, January, 1844, Justin Goudot
(Herb. Paris, type).

The Colombian plant is a relative of Hittia ittustris (Veil.)
Schum., which ranges rather widely in South America. The latter
differs in its solitary flowers with shorter calyx segments and stouter,
usually larger corolla.

Exostema Leonis, sp. nov. Frutex ramosus 3-4-metralis,
ramulis crassiusculis, yetustioribus subteretibus, fuscis, novellis pilulis
minutis subadpressis indutis; stipulae intrapetiolares, 3 mm. longae,
basi brevissime vaginantes, extus strigillosae, e basi late deltoidea
subulato-acuminatae; folia opposita, petiolo gracili, 1-1.8 cm. longo,
supra anguste sulcato, sparse et minute adpresso-pilosulo; limbus
ellipticus vel oblongo-ellipticus, 6-8.5 cm. longus, 3-5 cm. latus,
apice acutus vel obtusus, rarius rotundatus, basi obtusus vel acutus,
subcpriaceus, supra viridis, sublucidus, sparse pilulis brevissimis
strigillosus, nervis non elevatis, subtus pallidior, ad nervos sparse
et minute adpresso-pilosulus, costa valida, elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 6, gracilibus, prominentibus, angulo acuto adscen-
dentibus, arcuatis, prope marginem planum obscure conjunctis;
inflorescentia terminalis, corymbosa, dense pauciflora, c. 4 cm. longa

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 339

et lata, sessilis, ramulis lateralibus primariis 12-14 mm. longis, dense
cano-strigillosis, pedicellis c. 5 mm. longis, crassis, dense strigillosis,
flore terminal! sessili; capsula immatura angulato-cylindracea,
1.5-1.8 cm. longa, fere 5 mm. lata, basi obtusa, dense cinereo-stri-
gillosa; discus elevatus, 3 mm. altus, glaber; calycis lobi ad apicem
capsulae persistentes, ovales vel elliptico-obovati, 2.5-3 mm. longi,
apice obtusi vel rotundati, extus dense cinereo-strigillosi ; semina
numerosa, parva, linearia, utrinque in alam angustam tenuem pro-
ducta. Cuba: Loma Pelada, Cayajabos, Pinar del Rio, August 9,
1928. Brother Le6n & J. T. Roig 13531 (Herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.,
type).

Although known only from incomplete material, this plant seems
to represent a distinct and well-marked species of Exostema. It
appears to be related to E. rotundatum Griseb. and E. ellipticum
Griseb., of Cuba, both of which are glabrous throughout and have
narrow, acute or acuminate calyx lobes.

Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 6 : 196.
1889. Portlandia hexandra Jacq. Sel. Stirp. 63. 1763. Bignonia
triflora Pav. ex DC. Prodr. 9: 148. 1845, as synonym, non Veil.

In the Paris herbarium there is a specimen collected by Ruiz
and Pavon and bearing the name Bignonia triflora. That binomial
was mentioned by DeCandolle, loc. cit., after his description of
Bignonia triflora Veil., with the statement "B. triflora Pav.! herb,
est Rubiacea quaedam." The plant is clearly Coutarea hexandra.

Coutarea Lindeniana Baill. Adansonia 12: 300. 1879.

Another collection of this rather rare plant is worth citing:
Colombia: Dry plains near San Jose" de Cucuta, Prov. Pamplona,
May, 1843, Linden 4371 (Herb. Paris). Flowers white.

Pogonopus speciosus (Jacq.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 6 : 265.
1889. Macrocnemum spedosum Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. 1: 19. 1797.

This showy tree has been reported in Colombia only from Santa
Marta and Armenia. The following collection furnishes a further
record of its distribution: Colombia: Prov. Ocana, 3,000 m., Schlim
755 (Herb. Paris).

Chimarrhis Williamsii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 162. 1930.

Another specimen of this recently described species has come to
hand: Peru: Mouth of Rio Santiago, upper Maranon, 160 m., in
upland forest, not very rare, December 3, 1924, G. Tessmann 4668
(Herb. Berol.). A tree 25 m. high, the trunk 50 cm. in diameter;
corolla pure white. Vernacular name, "yacu-caspi."

Rustia splendens (Karst.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 26. 1930.
Henlea splendens Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 157. pi. 78. 1861.

340 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Colombia: Llano de San Martin, Prov. Bogota, 300 m., Triana
1785 (Herb. Paris).

Rustia occidentalis (Benth.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
14. 1881. Exostema occidental Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 104. 1844.

Colombia: Prov. Ocaiia, 1,800 m., November, 1879, Kalbreyer
1246 (Herb. Kew.) ; a shrub 3-3.5 m. high ; flowers fragrant. Rio San
Juan, Prov. Choco, 80 m., J. Triana 1784 (Herb. Paris).

Sickingia Williamsii, sp. nov. Arbor glabra, ramulis crassis
ochraceis subteretibus lenticellis crebris pallidis conspersis; stipulae
non visae; folia brevissime petiolata opposita, petiolo crasso 7-14
mm. longo; lamina crasse membranacea elliptico-obovata 28-40 cm.
longa 15.5-21 cm. lata obtusa basin versus paullo angustata, basi
ipsa acuta, supra lucida, costa venisque prominulis, nervulis pro-
minulis et arctissime reticulatis, subtus vix pallidior, costa crassius-
cula elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 19 angulo semirecto
adscendentibus gracilibus prominentibus fere rectis juxta marginem
conjunctis, nervulis prominentibus arctissime reticulatis; capsulae
lignosae pedicellis crassis 1.5 cm. longis stipatae ovali-oblongae 6.5
cm. longae et 3 cm. latae lenticellis pallidis inaequalibus dense con-
spersae basi et apice obtusae; semina numerosissima tenuia semi-
orbicularia 1.5-2 cm. longa, ala tenui pallida. Peru: Tarapoto,
Dept. San Martin, alt. 750 m., December 4, 1929, Llewelyn Williams
5531 (Herb. Field Mus. Nos. 614,414 and 614,253, type).

Vernacular name, "puca quiro." The type material consists of a
short branchlet with leaves, and some detached capsules. Without
flowers the exact position of this species is somewhat uncertain, but
it is different from any species known otherwise from the upper
Amazonian region. The leaves somewhat suggest those of S. catap-
pifolia Standl., described from Bolivia.

Sickingia paraguayensis, sp. nov. Ramuli crassiusculi teretes
f usco-f erruginei rimosi glabri , internodiis valde elongatis ; stipulae cadu-
cae lineari-lanceolatae attenuatae f usco-f errugineae glabrae erectae;
folia petiolata opposita coriacea, petiolo crassiusculo 8-13 mm. longo
glabro; lamina ovali-elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica 5.5-9 cm. longa
2-5.5 cm. lata apice obtusa vel rotundata et breviter obtuse producta,
basi rotundata usque ad acutiuscula, glabra, supra fusca, sublucida,
costa venisque non elevatis, subtus fere concolor, brunnescens, in
axillis interdum domatiata et sparse barbata, costa gracili elevata,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 9 angulo latiusculo adscendentibus
gracilibus prominentibus leviter arcuatis vel fere rectis prope mar-
ginem conjunctis, nervulis vix prominulis arctissime reticulatis;
capsula globosa 2 cm. diam. basi et apice rotundata; semina numerosa
valde compressa ala inclusa c. 12 mm. longa et 5 mm. lata, parte
seminifera ferruginea, ala tenui pallida. Paraguay: Without locality,
April-May, 1845, H. A. Weddell 3256 (Herb. Paris, type).

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 341

This is probably the southernmost species ever reported for
the genus. The material is not as complete as one might desire, but
it seems to illustrate a species distinct from any of those recorded
from Brazil. The plant is noteworthy for the comparatively broad
and obtuse leaf blades.

Phitopis sterculioides, sp. nov. Arbor 7.5-9 m. alta, ramulis
crassis dense fulvo-tomentosis et plus minusve subadpresso-hirsutis;
stipulae non visae, caducae; folia breviter petiolata opposita, petiolo
c. 2 cm. longo dense fulvo-piloso; lamina crasse membranacea
oblongo-obovata c. 26 cm. longa et 12.5 cm. lata, apice rotundata
et breviter protracta, acumine late triangulari vix 5 mm. longo obtuso,
basin versus longiuscule angustata, basi ipsa acuta, supra viridis,
subdense fulvo-hirsuta, pilis patentibus vel subadpressis, costa venis-
que vix elevatis, subtus paullo pallidior, ubique dense pilis brevibus
fulvis hirsuta, secus venas subadpresso-hirsuta, costa crassiuscula
elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 22 subobliquis angulo
lato abeuntibus gracilibus prominentibus leviter curvis prope mar-
ginem conjunctis, nervulis prominentibus arete reticulatis; inflores-
centia terminalis sessilis late paniculata laxe multiflora c. 23 cm.
longa et aequilata, basi trichotoma, ramis paucis adscendentibus vel
subdivaricatis subcompressis dense fulvo-tomentosis, flpribus laxe
cymosis, cymulis plerumque trifloris, flore centrali sessili vel sub-
sessili, aliis usque ad 2 cm. longe pedicellatis, bracteis caducis,
bracteolis ad basin calycis connatae et calycem fere totum inclu-
dentibus usque ad 1.5 cm. longis dense tomentosis et adpresso-
hirsutis; hypanthium obconicum 4-6 mm. longum basi acutum dense
fulvo-tomentosum; calyx in alabastro clausus extus dense fulvo-
tomentosus et adpresso-hispidulus late ovoideus apice obtusus c. 1 cm.
longus, in anthesi irregulariter ruptus, intus dense sericeus et tomen-
tellus; corolla alba extus glabra, tubo lato c. 7 mm. longo intus supra
medium dense hirsute, lobis c. 7 late rotundato-ovatis 10 mm. longis
apice obtusis vel rotundatis intus glabris; stamina exserta, filamentis
gracilibus infra medium breviter hirsutis; stylus gracilis glaber fere
1 cm. longus. Peru: In dense forest, Pichis Trail, Enefias, Dept.
Junin, alt. 1,600-1,900 m., June 30-July 2, 1929, E. P. Killip and
A. C. Smith 25747 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 607,646, type).

There is known only one other species of this Peruvian genus,
the original P. multiflora Hook, f., described from Moyobamba and
Tarapoto. I have seen material of the collections on which that was
based, and from them the present plant differs in its broader leaves
on longer petioles, in its larger flowers, and especially in its very
large and open inflorescence. Hooker does not mention in his
description the fact that before anthesis the calyx is completely
closed, and that it ruptures irregularly during anthesis, but this is
the case with the species here described.

342 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Rondeletia gracilispica, sp. nov. Frutex gracilis, ramulis
teretibus glabris femigineis, internodiis elongatis, interdum in statu
juvenili sparse tomentosis sed cito glabratis; stipulae persistentes
erectae 2-4 mm. longae anguste triangulares acuminatae ferrugineae
glabrae vel primo sparse tomentosae; folia breviter petiolata opposita
crasse membranacea elliptico-oblonga vel oblanceolato-oblonga 5-14
cm. longa 2-4.5 cm. lata longe acuminata basi acuta vel basin
versus sensim attenuata, supra in sicco fusca, glabra, sublucida,
subtus paullo pallidior, in statu juvenili arachnoideo-tomentosa sed
cito glabrata vel glabra, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 7 angulo acuto adscendentibus gracillimis pro-
minulis arcuatis juxta marginem conjunctis, nervulis non elevatis
laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis paniculata spicifprmis 7-15
cm. longa 1-1.5 cm. lata laxe multiflora, floribus parvis in cymulas
paryas paucifloras densiusculas dispositis sessilibus vel brevissime
pedicellatis, bracteis minutis lanceolato-subulatis; hypanthium sub-
globosum fere 1 mm. longum laxe arachnoideo-tomentosum ; calyx
4-lobus, laciniis valde inaequalibus oblongo-lanceolatis vel oblongo-
ovatis acutis vel acuminatis erectis 0.5-1 mm. longis fere vel omnino
glabris; corolla gracilis extus glabra, tubo cylindraceo 5-6 mm. longo,
lobis 4 rotundatis patentibus intus glabris c. 1.2 mm. longis;
antherae inclusae; capsula non visa. Mexico: "Sierra San Pedro
Nolasco, Talea, &c.," Oaxaca, 1843-44, C. Jurgensen 935 (Herb. Kew.,
type), 776 (Herb. Kew.). Oaxaca, in 1842, Liebmann (Herb. Paris).

The plant belongs to the writer's group Laniflorae of the genus
Rondeletia, a group characterized by the elongate, spikelike inflores-
cence. From all the species of that association this differs in its
completely glabrous corolla.

Rondeletia peruviana, sp. nov. Arbor 10-metralis, trunco
15 cm. diam., ramulis crassiusculis teretibus fuscis striatis, novellis
dense et adpresse albido-tomentosis, internodiis abbreviatis; stipulae
persistentes 4-7 mm. longae oblongae vel oblanceolato-oblongae
obtusae vel acutiusculae erectae prope basin et ad margines tomen-
tosae, aliter glabrae; folia breviter petiolata opposita crasse mem-
branacea, petiolo valido 3-12 mm. longo dense tomentoso; lamina
elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica 6-14.5 cm. longa 2.5-6.5 cm. lata
sensim vel subabrupte acuminata, acumine angusto attenuate, basi
acuta vel rarius obtusa, supra in sicco fusco-viridis, glabra, venis
subimpressis, subtus tomento albido densissimo induta, nervis late-
ralibus utroque latere c. 11 angulo semirecto adscendentibus gracili-
bus arcuatis juxta marginem conjunctis; inflorescentia terminalis vel
interdum lateralis cymoso-paniculata laxe pauciflora c. 4 cm. longa,
ramis brevibus crassis densissime tomentosis, floribus sessilibus vel
2 mm. longe pedicellatis, bracteis fere obsoletis; hypanthium
oblongum 2-2.5 mm. longum dense tomentosum; calyx 4-lobus extus
tomentosus, lobis oblongis vel anguste triangularibus erectis acutis
vel obtusiusculis; corolla extus dense albido-tomentosa, tubo cras-
siusculo 11-15 mm. longo supra vix dilatato ore c. 2.5 mm. lato,

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 343

lobis 4 rotundatis crispis 3 mm. longis patentibus intus glabris;
antherae inclusae; capsula oblongo-ovoidea c. 6 mm. longa et 4 mm.
lata glabrata basi rotundata; semina numerosissima minuta fer-
ruginea angulata. Peru : Mouth of the Rio Santiago, upper Maranon,
alt. 160 m., in upland forest, October 7, 1924, G. Tessmann 4228
(Herb. Berol., type).

"Corolla olive-brown outside, the lobes white within."
The genus Rondeletia has not been reported south of Ecuador,
although I have seen a specimen of the genus labeled as from Bolivia,
but in that case the locality data were open to question. The
present plant adds another genus to the already long list of genera
of Rubiaceae known from Peru.

Oldenlandia filicaulis Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6: 271. pi.
127,}. 2. 1889.

Brazil: Campos da Serra do Sao Ignacio, February, 1907, Ule
7560 (Herb. Kew.). Lake near Remanso, December, 1906, Ule 7419
(Herb. Kew.).

Oldenlandia Dusenii, sp. nov. Herba gracilis repens parce
ramosa ad nodos radicans, caulibus gracillimis subdense albo-villosis,
internodiis foliis longioribus; stipulae brevissimae minutae et pilis
occultae in lacinias paucas filiformes partitae; folia petiolata oppo-
sita, petiolo gracili 3-6 mm. longo albo-villoso; lamina membranacea
orbicularis interdum latior quam longa, rare ovato-rotundata, 7-14
mm. longa et aequilata, apice breviter apiculato-acuminata, basi
rotundata vel interdum abrupte contracta et cuneatim decurrens,
supra dense breviterque yillosa, subtus pilis longioribus villosa, costa
venisque subtus inconspicuis, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 3;
flores axillares solitarii, pedicellis filiformibus 5-20 mm. longis saepe
curvis sparse villosis; hypanthium late obovoideum 1.5 mm. longum
densissime albido-villosum ; calyx 4-partitus, laciniis 2.5-3.5 mm.
longis erectis lanceolatis vel anguste ovatis acuminatis extus breviter
villosis persistentibus viridibus; corolla 6-7 mm. longa infundibuli-
formis extus sparse villosula, lobis 4 late triangularibus obtusis
suberectis tubo triple brevioribus; capsula didymo-obovoidea 2.5 mm.
longa fere omnino inferior, seminibus paucis obtuse angulatis.
Brazil: Tres Barras, State of Parana, locis subhumidis graminosis,
alt. 760 m., January 26, 1916, P. Dusen 17554 (Stockholm herb.,
type).

The plant was designated by the collector as a new genus, the
name being still unpublished. There are no apparent characters by
which it may be distinguished from Oldenlandia. It bears no close
resemblance to any species reported from South America, but in
habit and general appearance the plant suggests Houstonia pro-
cumbens (Walt.) Standl., of the southeastern United States.

344 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

The genus Oldenlandia has not been recorded as a member of
the flora of Peru. Two of the commonest species of the genus have
been collected there recently:

Oldenlandia corymbosa L. Sp. PI. 119. 1753.
Peru: Mishuyacu, Dept. Iquitos, 100 m., in clearing, Klug 502,
1161.

Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) DC. Prodr. 4: 425. 1830. Hedyotis
herbacea L. Sp. PI. 102. 1753.

Peru: Caballo Cocha, Dept. Loreto, in cleared land, August,
1929, Williams 2297.

Creatantha, gen. nov. Arbores; folia opposita petiolata ampla
membranacea; stipulae intrapetiolares profunde bifidae breviter con-
natae; inflorescentia terminals paniculata thyrsoidea e cymis com-
posita, floribus speciosis albis bibracteolatis actinomorphis hexa-
meris; calyx brevissimus cupularis truncatus intus eglandulosus;
corolla latissime infundibuliformis campanulata crasse carnosa extus
glabra, tubo latiore quam longus intus dense villoso, lobis 6 oblongo-
ovatis pbtusis intus infra apicem dense barbatis aestivatione valvatis
vel leviter imbricatis tubo paullo longioribus patentibus vel recurvis;
stamina basi tubi inserta vix exserta, antheris sessilibus oblongis
acutiusculis basi integris plus minusve corrugatis prope basin affixis;
ovarium 3-loculare, ovulis numerosis placentae angulo interiore loculi
affixae adnatis anatropis; stylus brevis filiformis glaber apice in
ramos 2 breves carnosos divisus; bacca globosa calyce persistente
coronata 3-locularis; discus paullo elevatus annularis integer; semina
numerosissima minuta irregulariter polyedra minute foveolata.

Type species, Creatantha perumana Standl.

Creatantha peruviana, sp. nov. Arbor 6-9-metralis, ramulis
crassis breviter denseque griseo-pilosulis; stipulae 2 cm. longae fere
ad basin bifidae extus sparse puberulae, laciniis anguste lanceolato-
oblongis acuminatis; petiolus gracilis subteres 8.5-10 cm. longus
puberulus vel glabratus; lamina elliptica 34-37 cm. longa 15-19 cm.
lata apice obtusa et breviter abrupte caudato-acuminata, acumine
1.5 cm. longo longe attenuate, basi acuta vel abrupte contracta et
breviter decurrens, supra viridis, glabra vel tantum ad venas sparse
et obscure puberula, sublucida, costa venisque vix elevatis, subtus
pallidior, albida, ubique dense minute puberulo-tomentella vel serius
glabrata, costa crassa elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 25
angulo fere recto vel interdum multo angustiore abeuntibus gracil-
limis prominentibus fere rectis juxta marginem conjunctis, nervulis
inconspicuis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia (imperfecta tantum visa)
26 cm. longa et ultra, basi 16 cm. lata, supra paullo angustata,
rhachi crassissima striata sparse minute puberula, ramis numerosis
solitariis vel fasciculatis compressis sparse puberulis, bracteis lineari-
subulatis vel linearibus usque ad 4 cm. Iqngis, bracteolis minutis
late triangulari-ovatis acutis puberulis et ciliolatis, cymis laxe pauci-

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 345

vel multifloris, flore terminal! sessili, aliis 2-5 mm. longe pedicellatis;
hypanthium obconicum basi acutum 8 mm. longum et aequilatum
fere glabrum, calyce c. 2 mm. alto ; corolla in alabastro apice rotundata
tubo c. 5 mm. longo et 10 mm. lato extus tomentello vel glabrato,
lobis crassissimis c. 8 mm. longis extus glabris; antherae c. 6 mm.
longae et 2 mm. latae; stylus c. 4 mm. longus; baccae globosae 8 mm.
diam. glabrae basi et apice rotundatae; semina pallide rubro-brunnea
fere 1 mm. diam. Peru: Edge of woods, P'uerto Yessup, Dept.
Junin, alt. 400 m., July 10-12, 1929, E. P. Killip and A. C. Smith
26331 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 607,555, type).

This new genus is one regarding whose systematic position there
is no doubt. It is related only to Isertia, whose species it resembles
closely in foliage and form of the inflorescence, as well as in most
flower details. The relationship evidently is very close, but the
corolla in the present plant is so different from that of the genus
Isertia that this Peruvian tree can not be referred to Isertia, if any
importance is to be attached to the characters used commonly in
the Rubiaceae for separating genera. In Isertia the corollas are
very long, slender, and tubular, with very short and spreading lobes,
while in Creatantha the extraordinarily broad tube is even shorter
than the lobes. The stamens in Isertia are inserted at the top of the
tube, and in Creatantha at the base of the tube, but probably in the
latter case they are quite as close to the mouth of the tube as in
Isertia, and this character therefore is one of no importance.

In connection with the description of this new genus it is pertinent
to discuss the status of the genera Isertia and Cassupa, about which
the writer long has entertained doubt. According to most authorities,
Isertia has a 4-6-celled berry and imbricate corolla lobes, while in
Cassupa the berry is 2-celled and the corolla lobes are valvate. In
some recently described species of Cassupa the ovary is known to
be either 2- or 3-celled. After careful examination of corollas and
buds of the plants referred to the two genera, I am unable to see
any essential differences in estivation. All the plants referred to
the two genera are exactly similar in general appearance, and all or
most of the species, in fact, are separated with more or less difficulty.
In view of the variation and relative unimportance of the supposedly
distinguishing characters, and especially on account of the similarity
in aspect of all the plants concerned, it seems best to unite these
two genera, under the older name, Isertia. The species of Cassupa
listed below are, therefore, transferred to Isertia. It is probable that
when more ample material of them is available, some of the Cassupa
species will be found to be synonymous with others described under
Isertia or vice versa, or else they can be maintained only by the

346 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

artificial character of the number of ovary cells, which very likely
is variable upon the same plant.

Isertia alba (Schum. & Krause), comb. nov. Cassupa alba
Schum. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 322. 1908. C. alba Schum.
in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 4 4 : 63. 1891, nomen.

Isertia juruana (Schum. & Krause), comb. nov. Cassupa
juruana Schum. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 148. 1907, nomen;
Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 50: 97. 1908.

Isertia panamensis (Standl.), comb. nov. Cassupa panamensis
Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 135. 1916.

Isertia Pittieri (Standl.), comb. nov. Cassupa Pittieri Standl.
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 445. 1914.

Isertia scarlatina (Schum. & Krause), comb. nov. Cassupa
scarlatina Schum. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 148. 1907,
nomen; Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 50: 98. 1907.

Isertia verrucosa (H. & B.), comb. nov. Cassupa verrucosa
H. & B. PI. Aequin. 1: 43. pi. 12. 1808.

Coccocypselum hirsutum Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4: 396. 1830.

Although this species has been recorded from Bolivia, and ranges
northward to Central America and Mexico, it has not been reported
from Peru. The following collection attests its occurrence in that
country: Peru: Moyobamba, San Roque, Dept. San Martin, alt.
1,350-1,500 m., January 11, 1930, Williams 7307. Vernacular
name, "sapu-quina."

Coccocypselum glabrifolium Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 165.
1930.

Several additional collections of this recently described species
have come to hand lately: Brazil: Prov. Minas Geraes, Saint- Hilaire
459 (Herb. Paris), 487 (Herb. Paris). Prov. Rio de Janeiro, Saint-
Hilaire 459 (Herb. Paris). State of Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 17080
(Herb. Kew.), 8744 (Herb. Kew). Jaguariahyva, Parand, in rupibus
campestribus, alt. 730 m., December 8, 1910, P. Dusen 11321
(Stockholm herb.).

Coccocypselum pumilio, sp. nov. Herba prostrata ramosa,
caulibus gracillimis pilis longis laxis patentibus multicellularibus
saepe purpureis dense villosis, internodiis brevibus vel saepe foliis
longioribus; stipulae minutae subulatae deciduae; folia petiolata
opposita, petiolo c. 2 mm. longo villoso; lamina membranacea
orbicularis vel rotundato-ovata 6-9 mm. longa et fere aequilata apice
rotundata vel obtusissima basi late rotundata vel truncata utrinque

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 347

pilis longis patentibus multicellularibus satis dense villosa, subtus
purpurascens vel viridis, costa elevata gracili, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 4 angulo acuto adscendentibus arcuatis; flores ad
axillas solitarii sessiles vel subsessiles; hypanthium obovoideum c.

1 mm. longum hispidulum; calyx 4-partitus, laciniis ovali-oblongis

2 mm. longis obtusis hispidulis erectis corollam semiaequantibus;
corolla extus sparse hispidula 6 mm. longa, lobis 4 obtusis elliptico-
ovatis tubo crasso fere duplo longioribus; semina numerosa orbicularia
fere 1 mm. lata subcompressa fusco-brunnea minute puncticulata.
Brazil: Jaguariahyva, State of Parana, in campo arenoso humidius-
culo, October 23, 1911, P. Dustn 13283 (Stockholm herb., type).

Rather closely related to C. uniflorum Hassler, but in that species
the petioles are relatively longer, and the pubescence of the leaves
and branches consists of much shorter and more slender hairs of
quite different appearance.

Hippotis albiflora Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 33. pi. 17. 1858.

Of this species only the type has been reported. One other collec-
tion has come to hand recently, but unfortunately its label bears
no definite locality data: Colombia: In 1851-57, Triana3297 (Herb.
Paris).

Pentagonia subauriculata, sp. nov. Frutex; folia sessilia
papyracea elliptico-oboyata c. 70 cm. longa et 30 cm. lata, breviter
acuminata, acumine triangulari acuto, infra medium subcontracta
et basin versus angustata, basi ipsa anguste cordata, supra glabra,
costa venisque prominentibus, subtus paullp pallidior, praesertim ad
venas pilis gracillimis sparse adpresso-pilosa, costa crassiuscula
elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 19 angulo latiusculo
adscendentibus prominentibus gracilibus fere rectis juxta marginem
conjunctis, marginem versus ramulos 1-2 curves emittentibus, ner-
vulis transversis obscuris, inter nervulos creberrime striolata; flores
sejuncti tantum visi, "bracteis rubris"; hypanthium obovoideum 5
mm. longum puberulum; calyx spathaceus 2-2.5 cm. longus sparse
puberulus vel glabratus, uno latere profunde fissus, altero breviter
bifidus, vel post anthesin aequaliterbilobus, lobis lanceolato-oblongis
acutis usque ad 1 cm. latis; corolla alba extus glabra, tubo crasso

3 cm. longo supra paullo sensimque dilatato ore c. 8 mm. lato, lobis
ovato-triangularibus acutiusculis c. 7 mm. longis. Peru: In dense
forest, Santa Rosa, lower Rio Huallaga below Yurimaguas, Dept.
Loreto, alt. 135 m., September 1-5, 1929, E. P. Killip and A. C. Smith
28959 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 613,692, type).

Evidently an ally of P. spathicalyx Schum., which occurs in the
same general region, but in that species the leaves are long-petiolate
and the blades acute at the base.

Pentagonia velutina, sp. nov. Frutex vel arbuscula; folia ut
videtur petiolata; lamina papyracea late obovata vel oblongo-obovata

348 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

40-45 cm. longa 19-26 cm. lata acuta versus basin paullo angustata,
basi ipsa acuta, supra glabra, costa venisque elevatis, subtus paullo
pallidior, densissime velutino-pilosula, costa crassa eleyata, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere c. 13 angulo acuto adscendentibus elevatis
fere rectis marginem attingentibus, prope marginem ramulos 1-2
emittentibus, inter nervos primarios creberrime striolata; baccae
sessiles globosae 2 cm. diam. glabratae basi et apice rotundatae;
calyx ad apicem baccae persistens 1.5-2 cm. longus subspathaceus
bilobus, lobis oblongis acutis; cetera ignota. Peru: In forest, Puerto
Arturo, Yurimaguas, lower Rio Huallaga, Dept. Loreto, alt. 155-
210 m., November 21, 1929, Llewelyn Williams 5280 (Herb. Field
Mus. No. 614,357, type) ; November 15, 1929, Williams 5046.

Each specimen consists of a single leaf from which the petiole
has been cut, with a few loose fruits. The material, however, is
sufficient to show that the plant is distinct from all the other South
American species of Pentagonia. It is distinguished primarily by
the soft and dense pubescence of the lower leaf surface. P. Williamsii
Standl., recently described from Pebas, has similar pubescence, but
in that the leaves are long and narrow and have more numerous
nerves.

Sabicea ambigua Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 49. 1930.

The species was based upon Triana 1847 in the Kew herbarium,
whose label did not give the locality at which the plant was collected.
In the Paris herbarium there is a specimen of the same collection
with locality data, also a second collection of the species: Colombia:
Prov. Choco and Barbacoas, Triana 1847; also No. 1848. Vernacular
name, "y e rt>a de maleficio."

Bertiera guianensis Aubl. PI. Guian. 180. pi. 69. 1775.

In the enumeration of the Rubiaceae of Colombia a single speci-
men of this species was listed. Another may now be reported:
Colombia: Villavicencio, 400 m., Triana 1844 (Herb. Paris).

I lamella grandiflora Spruce ex Wernham, Journ. Bot. 49:
209. 1911.

Heretofore the species has been known only from Ecuador, but
it may be reported now from Colombia: Prov. de Choco et Barbacoas,
75 m., 1851-57, J. Triana 1759 (Herb. Paris). Some of the corollas
are as much as 3.8 cm. long.

Hoffmannia Dusenii, sp. nov. Frutex (?), ramulis crassis
subteretibus glabris vel sparse praesertim ad nodos ferrugineo-
villosulis, internodiis brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae caducae; folia
opposita longe petiolata, petiolo crassiusculo 2.5-10 cm. longo sparse
villosulo vel glabrato; lamina membranacea elliptica vel oblongo-

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 349

elliptica 13-23 cm. longa 6-11.5 cm. lata abrupte acuta vel acumi-
nata, acumine angusto attenuate acuto, basi abrupte acuta vel inter-
dum contracta et longiuscule decurrens, supra laete viridis, glabra
vel primo sparse villosula, costa nervisque non elevatis, subtus multo
pallidior, ubique rhaphidibus pallidis brevibus dense conspersa, ad
costam venasque ferrugineo-villosula vel adpresso-villosula, costa
crassa prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 12 prominulis
gracilibus angulo lato adscendentibus arcuatis, nervulis prominulis
paucis laxe reticulatis; flores ad nodos cymoso-fasciculati, cymulis
densis paucifloris sessilibus vel brevissime pedunculatis, floribus
vulgo 1-2 mm. longe pedicellatis; hypanthium oblongo-campanu-
latum 3-4 mm. longum sparse villosulo-puberulum ; calyx 4-partitus,
laciniis suberectis 4-5 mm. longis lineari-attenuatis sparse villosulis
vel glabratis persistentibus; corolla extus sparsissime villosula c.
9 mm. longa in alabastro attenuate fere ad basin 4-loba, lobis anguste
lanceolatis attenuatis intus glabris; antherae lineares 4-5 mm. longae;
stylus gracilis glaber c. 8 mm. longus; baccae immaturae late oblongae
7-8 mm. longae. Brazil (Parana) : Desvio Ypiranga, in silvis primae-
vis, October 31, 1914, P. Dus6n 15792 (Herb. Stockholm, type).
Ponta Grossa, Capao, in umbrosis ad riyulum, January, 1909, Duskn
7519 (S). Porto de Cima, in silva primaeva ad terram, October,
1908, Dusin 6925 (S).

Only one other species, Hoffmannia Peckii Schum., is reported
from Brazil, and it differs clearly from the present plant in having
glabrous leaves and short calyx lobes. Schumann described in the
Flora Brasiliensis a var. Settoana, based upon Sello 4272 from Brazil,
which may well be the same as H . Dusenii. I have seen no material
of that variety, which is said by its author to be based upon imperfect
material, and it seems better to give the present plant a new name,
rather than raise the doubtful variety to specific rank.

Posoqueria palustris Mart. Flora 24: Beibl. 2: 77. 1841.

Brazil: Province of Rio de Janeiro, 1816-21, Saint- Hilaire 233
(Herb. Paris).

Tocoyena Williamsii, sp. nov. Arbor mediocris, ramulis crassis
subcompressis ochraceis glabris; stipulae deciduae; folia breviter
petiolata opposita, petiolo 1-2 cm. longo gracili glabro; lamina char-
tacea elliptico^obovata 15-34 cm. longa 7.5-16 cm. lata acuta vel
breviter acuminata, acumine obtuso, basi cuneato-acuta, glabra, in
sicco nigrescens, supra lucida, costa venisque prominentibus, subtus
concolor, lucida, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
c. 11 angulo semirecto abeuntibus gracilibus prominentibus fere
rectis prope marginem conjunctis, nervulis obscuris; inflorescentia
terminalis cymosa dense multiflora breviter pedunculata glabra,
corollis neglectis 5 cm. lata, ramulis crassis, bracteis obsoletis vel
caducis, floribus sessilibus vel brevissime et crassissime pedicellatis;
hypanthium obovoideo-oblongum 4.5-5 mm. longum basi angus-

350 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

tatum, calyce aequilato 2-2.5 mm. longo truncate; corolla in ala-
bastro pbtusissima, tubo gracili 9-9.5 cm. longo 2.5 mm. crasso, lobis
6 reflexis obovatis vel late ellipticis c. 12 mm. longis apice obtusis vel
rotundatis intus glabris; antherae sessiles ad orem tubi insertae
anguste oblongo-lanceolatae 4.5 mm. longae; bacca globosa basi et
apice late rotundata 7 cm. diam. Peru: Iquitos, Dept. Loreto, alt.
120 m., April 1, 1930, Llewelyn Williams 8097 (Herb. Field Mus.
Nos. 614, 658-59, type).

Related to T. Sellowiana (C. & S.) Schum., of Brazil, but that
species is distinguished immediately by its small leaves with few
lateral nerves.

Tpcoyena amazpnica, sp. nov. Frutex vel arbuscula, ramulis
gracilibus, vetustioribus pallide fusco-brunneis, novellis in sicco
subcompressis fuscis sparse minute puberulis vel subglabris; stipulae
4 mm. longae ovato-triangulares subpersistentes mucronato-acutae
minute adpresso-pilpsulae vel glabratae; folia breviter petiolata
opposita, petiolo gracili 8-18 mm. longo puberulo vel glabrato; lamina
membranacea in sicco nigrescens elliptico-oblonga vel oblanceo-
lato-oblonga 11-21 cm. longa 3-7.5 cm. lata longe acuminata,
acumine angusto longe attenuate), basin versus longe attenuata,
supra sublucida, sparse et minutissime puberula vel glabra, costa
venisque prominulis, subtus paullo pallidior, tantum ad yenas minu-
tissime puberula vel fere glabra, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 11 angulo semirecto vel paullo latiore abeuntibus
gracillimis prominulis fere rectis prope marginem conjunctis, nervulis
inconspicuis prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflprescentia terminals,
floribus ut videtur ad apices fasciculatis paucis crasse 8 mm. longe
pedicellatis; bacca globosa 2 cm. longa glabra basi et apice rotundata
costata, seminibus numerosis magnis; calyx ad apicem baccae per-
sistens 4 mm. longus dentibus late triangularibus acutis. Peru:
Rio Masana, along the Rio Itaya, Dept. Loreto, May 2, 1929,
Llewelyn Williams 21 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 601,947, type). Pebas,
on the Amazon River, Dept. Loreto, in forest, July 27, 1929, Williams
1811.

From T. Williamsii this differs in its small leaves of different
texture, and its smaller fruits and sparse pubescence. Without
flowers it is not quite certain that the plant really belongs to the
genus Tocoyena, but it seems to fit there better than in the other
related genera.

Tocoyena Sprucei, sp. nov. Arbor parva vel frutex, ramulis
crassis ochraceis vel ferrugineis subteretibus, novellis dense puberulis
vel subtomentosis, interdum fere glabris, internodiis abbreviatis;
stipulae deciduae, non visae; folia brevissime petiolata crasse mem-
branacea opposita, petiolo c. 1 cm. longo crasso; lamina late elliptica,
elliptico-ovalis, fere rotundata vel obovato-rotundata, 9-19 cm.
longa, 5-14 cm. lata, apice late rotundata vel obtusa, rare acuta, basi
late rotundata vel obtusa et vulgo abrupte contracta et decurrens,

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 351

supra in sicco fusca, glabra vel tantum ad venas puberula, leviter
bullata, venis plus minusve impressis, subtus multo pallidior, discolor,
ad venas saepe dense minute puberula vel fere omnino glabra, costa
gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 9 angulo semirecto
adscendentibus irregularibus leviter arcuatis vel fere rectis gracillimis
prominentibus prope marginem conjunctis, neryulis conspicuis laxe
reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis cymosa sessilis pauci- vel multi-
flora densa, ramis dense ferrugineo-puberulis vel glabratis, floribus
sessilibus vel usque ad 4 mm. longe pedicellatis, bracteis caducis;
hypanthium oblongum vel obovoideum 5-6 mm. longum glabrum
basi angustatum; calycis tubus 3-4 mm. longus et 4-5 mm. latus,
dentibus vix 1 mm. longis acutis triangularibus vel depresso-tri-
angularibus remotis glabris; corolla gracilis extus glabra in alabastro
obtusa, tubo*8. 5-1 1.5 cm. longo 3-4 mm. lato fauce vix dilatato ore
villosulo, lobis 5 ovalibus vel rotundato-ovatis 10-14 mm. longis
apice rotundatis ihtus dense puberulis patentibus; antherae lineari-
oblongae 6-7 mm. longae semiexsertae; bacca late ovalis glabra
3-3.5 cm. longa et 2.5 cm. lata, basi et apice rotundata; semina
numerosa magna compressa. Brazil: Santarem, high campos,
November, 1849, in fruit, R. Spruce 358 (Herb. Kew., type).
Santarem, in 1851, in fruit, Spruce 358 (Herb. Kew.). Serra de
Araripa, January, 1839, Gardner 1964 (Herb. Kew.).

According to Spruce's notes, the plant is a small tree with rough
bark ; flowers ochre-yellow ; fruit yellow when ripe. Gardner describes
it as a shrub about 2.5 m. high with yellow flowers.

Tocoyena Sprucei is a relative of T. bullata (Veil.) Mart. The
latter has much more strongly bullate leaves which are copiously
pubescent and usually much narrower than in the plant here described.

Sphinctanthus maculatus Spruce ex. Schum. in Mart. Fl.
Bras. 6 6 : 356. 1888.

The genus Sphinctanthus has not been recorded from Peru, but
several collections are now at hand from that country. The following
material of this species is in the herbarium of Field Museum: Brazil:
Between Barcellos and Santa Isabel, upper Amazon, December,
1851, Spruce 1939 (photo, of type collection from Herb. Berol.).
Peru: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 4229 (fragment from Herb.
Berol.). Yurimaguas, lower Rio Huallaga, Dept. Loreto, 155-210 m.,
a shrub in forest, Williams 4730. Huallaga, Yurimaguas, a shrub
in forest, Williams 4659. Puerto Arturo, lower Rio Huallaga, Dept.
Loreto, a small shrub in pasture, Williams 5198. Balsapuerto, lower
Rio Huallaga basin, Dept. Loreto, 150-350 m., a shrub of 3-4.5 m.,
fruit orange, Killip & Smith 28645. Cahuapanas, on Rio Pichis,
Dept. Junin, 340 m., in dense forest, a shrub of 3-4.5 m., fruit yellow,
Killip & Smith 26729.

352 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Sphinctanthus Hasslerianus Chod. Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 4:
179. 1904.

Paraguay: Colonia Risso prope Apa, in margine silvae minus
densae, loco humidiusculo, September, 1892, G. A. Malme 982
(Herb. Stockholm). A branched shrub about 2 m. high; flowers
yellow.

Randia calycina Cham. Linnaea 9: 246. 1834.

The plant has not been reported from Colombia, but the follow-
ing collections appear to represent the species: Colombia: Tenasuca,
Prov. Bogota, Tnana 3304 (Herb. Paris). Tenasuca, 1,000 m., Triana

1827 (Herb. Paris).

Randia aculeata L. Sp. PI. 1192. 1753.

Colombia: Mariquita, Magdalena Valley, 600 m., Triana 1830
(Herb. Paris). San Miguel, Distrito de Piedras, Prov. Mariquita,
Tnana 3304 (Herb. Paris). Vernacular names, "maiz tostado,"
"cruceto."

Randia spinosa (Jacq.) Karst., var. pubescens (HBK.), comb,
nov. Mussaenda pubescens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 420. 1820.
Basanacantha spinosa (Jacq.) Schum., var. pubescens Schum. in Mart.
Fl. Bras. 6 6 : 378. 1889.

Randia Tessmannii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 327. 1929.

Several additional numbers of this handsome plant have appeared
in recent collections from Peru: Sapote Yacu, Santa Rosa, lower Rio
Huallaga, Dept. Loreto, 155-210 m., November, 1929, a shrub in
forest, Williams 4929. Puerto Arturo, Yurimaguas, lower Rio
Huallaga, Dept. Loreto, 155-210 m., a shrub at edge of river, Novem-
ber, 1929, Williams 5249; a shrub in forest, Williams 5357.

The last specimen cited is in fruit. The fruit is globose, smooth,
and 3 cm. in diameter.

Randia Killipii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 170. 1930.

Of this recently described species two additional collections may
now be reported: Peru: Paraiso, Alto Rio Itaya, Dept. Loreto,
145 m., a shrub in forest, October 3, 1929, WiUiams 3372. San
Antonio, Alto Rio Itaya, 145 m., October 9, 1929, Williams 3508.

Duroia hirsuta (Poepp. & Endl.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6 6 : 367. 1889. Amaioua hirsuta Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp.
3: 25. pi. 230. 1845.

Colombia : Villavicencio, 400 m., Triana 1 843 (Herb. Paris) . Llano
de San Martin, Villavicencio, 450 m., January, 1856, Triana (Herb.
Paris). Vernacular name, "turma de mico."

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 353

Duroia stenophylla, sp. nov. Frutex bimetralis, ramulis cras-
siusculis in sicco fuscis et costatis dense pills adscendentibus fulvis
hirsutis; stipulae subpersistentes tenues brunnescentes oblongae
2-3 cm. longae pbtusae extus dense adpresso-hirsutae; folia breviter
petiolata opposita, petiolo crasso 8-12 mm. longo hirsute; lamina
crasse membranacea anguste oblanceolato-oblonga c. 17.5 cm. longa
et 4-5 cm. lata abrupte caudato-acuminata, acumine c. 1 cm. longo
angusto longe attenuate, basin versus longe sensim angustata, supra
viridis, minute pallido-puncticulata, tantum ad venas hispida, costa
venisque prominulis, subtus paullo pallidior, sparse vel ad costam
dense hirsuta, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
c. 17 angulo lato saepe fere recto abeuntibus prominentibus gracilibus
fere rectis prope marginem conjunctis, nervulis obscuris; inflorescentia
terminalis cymoso-corymbosa 3 cm. longe pedunculata trichotoma,
corollis neglectis 6 cm. latis, ramis primariis 1.5-2 cm. longis dense
hirsutis apice dense cymose paucifloris, pedicellis dense hirsutis
plerumque 3-6 mm. longis; hypanthium floris masculi breve, calyce
profunde 6-fido, laciniis lineari-subulatis rigidis erectis 8 mm. longis
dense hirtellis longe attenuatis; corolla in alabastro longe attenuata,
tubo crassiusculo 13 mm. longo et 4 mm. lato sub orem paullo
angustato dense sericeo ore glabro, lobis linearibus longe attenuatis
c. 23 mm. longis intus glabris extus hirtellis. Peru: Mishuyacu, near
Iquitos, Dept. Loreto, alt. 100 m., in forest, December, 1929, G. Klug
699 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 612,578, type).

Evidently a relative of D. hirsuta (Poepp. & Endl.) Schum.,
which grows in the same general region, but in that the leaves are
much broader, the branches are fistulose-thickened, and the propor-
tions of the corolla are different.

Duroia trichocarpa, sp. nov. Arbor mediocris, ramulis crassis
ochraceis in sicco costatis dense hirsutis; stipulae non visae; folia
petiolata opposita, petiolo crassiusculo dense hispido 1.5-3 cm.
longo; lamina crasse membranacea elliptica vel late elliptica 14-26
cm. longa 6.5-16 cm. lata apice acuta et abrupte caudato-acuminata,
acumine longe attenuate apice fere filiformi, basin versus paullo
contracta et longe angustata vel basi obtusa, supra pallida, sparse
breviterque hirsuta vel glabrata, costa venisque non eleyatis, subtus
fere concolor, sparse hirsuta, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 10 angulo lato adscendentibus prominentibus gracili-
bus subarcuatis juxta marginem conjunctis, venulis prominulis laxe
reticulatis; flores ad apices ramulorum dense capitato-conferti sessiles
vel subsessiles numerosi; calyx dense ferrugineo-hirsutus profunde
6-fidus, laciniis linearibus suberectis usque ad 12 mm. longis; bacca
obovoideo-globosa 3 cm. longa basi obtusa apice late rotundata et
calyce persistente coronata, dense pilis longis patentibus brun-
nescentibus hirsuta. Peru: San Antonio, Alto Rio Itaya, Dept.
Loreto, in forest, October 7, 1929, Llewelyn Williams 8470 (Herb.
Field Mus. Nos. 614,392-93, type).

354 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Amaioua urophylla, sp. nov. Arbor 6-metralis, ramulis crassis
fuscis striatis hirtellis vel glabratis, intemodiis ut videtur brevibus;
stipulae plus minusve persistentes 8-12 mm. longae ovato-triangulares
acutae extus adpresso-pilosae fusco-ferrugineae; folia petiolata oppo-
sita, petiolo 1.5-3 cm. longo crasso supra sulcato breviter hirsuto vel
glabrato; lamina coriacea oblongo-elliptica 10-20 cm. longa 5-7.5 cm.
lata apice acuta vel obtusa et abrupte longeque caudato-acuminata,
acumine lineari-attenuato basi dilatato 1-3.5 cm. longo, basi acuta
vel rotundata, supra glabra, sublucida, costa venisque non elevatis,
subtus fere concolor, ubique dense asperulo-puberula et ad venas
adpresso-pilosula, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque
latere c. 12 angulo c. semirecto abeuntibus gracilibus prominentibus
leviter arcuatis prope marginem conjunctis, nervulis obscuris; inflo-
rescentiae terminales solitariae vel geminatae crasse 2.5-4 cm. longe
pedunculatae cymoso-umbellatae corollis neglectis c. 3 cm. latae
dense pauciflorae, floribus masculis sessilibus vel subsessilibus, brac-
teis obsoletis; calyx hypanthio brevi adjecto 6-8 mm. longus basi
obtusus dense hirtellus, margine breviter dentatus, dentibus late
triangularibus obtusis vel acutis; corolla alba in alabastro linearis
apicem versus paullo attenuata extus densissime sericea, tubo crassi-
usculo fere 3 cm. longo et 4 mm. crasso intus ad insertionem staminum
dense piloso, lobis 6 linearibus aequilongis longe attenuatis carnosis
intus glabris; antherae 1 cm. supra basin tubi insertae lineares 12 mm.
longae apice mucronatae; stylus ramis adjectis 24 mm. longus glaber.
Peru: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, Dept. Loreto, in forest, alt. 100 m.,
October-November, 1929, G. King 419 (Herb. Field Mus. No.
612,595, type).

The species is noteworthy for its very large flowers and for its
long-caudate leaves.

Alibertia edulis A. Rich. Me*m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 5: 234.
1830.

Colombia: Llano de San Martin, 300 m., Triana 1842 (Herb.
Paris). Without locality, Triana 3305 (Herb. Paris). Vernacular
name, "perita."

Alibertia Gardneri, sp. nov. Frutex parvus dense ramosus,
ramulis gracilibus rigidis subteretibus ferrugineis dense minute pube-
rulis, intemodiis plerumque abbreviatis; stipulae subpersistentes
erectae ferrugineae e basi triangulari subulato-attenuatae puberulae;
folia crasse coriacea petiolata opppsita, petiolo crassiusculo 2-6 mm.
longo minute puberulo; lamina elliptico-oblonga vel anguste elliptica
3-5.5 cm. longa 1.2-2.5 cm. lata apicem versus paullo attenuata,
apice ipso obtuso, basi acuta, supra fusca vel viridiuscula lucida
glabra, costa paullo elevata, venis manifestos saepe pallidis non
elevatis, subtus pallidior, ubique dense minute puberula, costa
gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 7 angulo c. semi-
recto adscendentibus fere rectis gracilibus prominentibus prope mar-
ginem conjunctis, nervulis inconspicuis laxe reticulatis; flores masculi

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 355

terminates sessiles aggregati numerosi ; calyx late campanulatus fere
1 mm. longus truncatus vel obsolete remoteque denticulatus extus
dense minute puberulus, discum vix duplo superans; corolla extus
glutinosa et sparse minute puberula, tubo crasso 4.5 mm. longo
1.5 mm. crasso fauce nudp, lobis 4 rotundatis patentibus 1-1.2 mm.
longis apice rotundatis et interdum minute apiculatis intus glabris.
Brazil : Woods near Oeiras, Piauhy, June, 1839, Gardner 2460 (Herb.
Kew., type).

Alibertia Gardneri is a close relative of A. rigida Schum., the
latter being well distinguished, however, by its broader and more
rigid leaves, broadly rounded at the apex and sessile or almost so.

Kotchubaea sericantha, sp. nov. Arbor 12-metralis, ramulis
crassis fusco-ferrugineis subteretibus glabris, internodiis plerumque
1.5-^2.5 cm. longis; stipulae persistentes erectae et adpressae fer-
rugineae glabrae late triangulares basi breviter connatae c. 13 mm.
longae acutiusculae; folia breviter petiolata opposita coriacea,
petiolo crasso 1.5-2 cm. longo; lamina obovata vel obovato-oblonga
14-21 cm. longa 7-10 cm. lata apice obtusa vel rotundata et abrupte
breviterque apiculata, acumine c. 6 mm. longo obtuso, basin versus
longe sensim attenuata vel basi acuta, supra glabra, interdum lucida,
costa elevata, venis vix elevatis, subtus fere concolor, glabra vel
parcissime scaberula, costa crassiuscula elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 12 angulo lato adscendentibus gracilibus prominenti-
bus fere rectis prope marginem conjunctis, nervulis inconspicuis;
flores masculi ad apices ramorum fasciculati pauci vel in cymulas
terminales umbelliformes paucifloras dispositi, pedicellis rigidis
1-2 cm. longis glabris vel obscure scaberulis; calyx anguste campanu-
latus extus glaber 10-13 mm. longus truncatus intus densissime
sericeo-pilosus; corolla alba extus densissime sericea, tubo 5.5-7 cm.
longo 3.5-7 mm. crasso fauce paullo ampliato et usque ad 1 cm. lato,
laciniis 8-10 linearibus intus dense tomentulosis 2.5-4 cm. longis
patentibus attenuatis. Peru: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, Dept. Loreto,
alt. 100 m., in forest, April, 1930, G. King 1260 (Herb. Field Mus.
No. 622,220, type); also No. 1128, with the same data.

Only a single species of Kotchubaea has been described previously,
K. insignis Fisch., which is known from northern Brazil and from
French Guiana. It differs from K. sencantha in having the corolla
tube glabrous on the outer surface.

Retiniphyllum adinanthum, sp. nov. Arbuscula 3-metralis,
ramulis crassiusculis obtuse tetragonis ochraceis sparse lenticellatis
glabris; stipulae non visae; folia breviter petiolata opposita, petiolo
gracili glabro 2 cm. longo; lamina firme membranacea oblongo-
elliptica c. 27 cm. longa et 11.5 cm. lata, apice subrotundato abrupte
cuspidato-acuminata, acumine anguste triangulari 1.5 cm. longo
obtuso, basi acuta, glabra, supra viridis, costa yenisque elevatis,
nervulis prominulis, subtus pallidior, costa gracili elevata, nervis

356 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

lateralibus utroque latere c. 12 angulo lato adscendentibus pallidis
gracilibus prominentibus fere rectis prope marginem conjunctis,
nervulis prominulis reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis spicata
2.5 cm. longe pedunculata 13.5 cm. longa c. 12 mm. lata, rhachi
crassiuscula minute puberula, floribus in glomerulos 0.5-2.5 cm.
distantes dense multifloros oppositos calyculo dense minute puberulo
lato truncate 3.5 mm. lato et 2 mm. alto involucratos aggregatis,
glomerulorum paribus bractea breviter yaginante patelliformi sub-
tectis, floribus arete sessilibus; hypanthium minutum vix 0.6 mm.
longum, calyce campanulato minutissime puberulo 2.2 mm. longo
obsolete denticulate; corolla alba in alabastro obtusa extus densis-
sime et pallide puberulo-tomentella, tubo cylindraceo 4.5 mm.
longo, lobis 5 patentibus anguste oblongis obtusis 3.5 mm. longis;
stamina prope basin tubi inserta, filamentis brevissimis, antheris
linearibus; cetera ignota. Peru: In clearing, Mishuyacu, near
Iquitos, Dept. Loreto, alt. 100 m., February-March, 1930, G. King
988 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 612,612, type).

The generic position of this plant is very uncertain, and I doubt
that it belongs in the genus Retiniphyllum, but it has been impossible
to refer it more satisfactorily to any other genus. The flowers are
so immature that it is impossible to determine the character of the
fruit.

Retiniphyllum Kuhlmannii, sp. nov. Arbor, ramulis gracili-
bus fuscis subteretibus glabris; folia petiolata opposita coriacea,
petiolo 9-13 mm. longo crassiusculo glabro; lamina late elliptica
usque ad elliptico-oblonga 5-8.5 cm. longa 3.5-5 cm. lata abrupte
acuta vel acutiuscula, acumine latissime triangulari obtuso, basi
rotundata usque ad acuta, glabra, supra in sicco fusca, costa impressa,
venis vix elevatis, subtus pallidior, costa gracili eleyata, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere c. 15 gracillimis vix prominulis fere rectis
remote a margine conjunctis, nervulis vix prominulis laxe reticulatis;
inflorescentia terminalis spicata laxe multiflora prope basin interrupts
3 cm. longe pedunculata, 12 cm. longa, rhachi glabra, floribus arete
sessilibus; bracteae cum bracteolis in cupulam brevissimam trun-
catam connatae; hypanthium glabrum 1.5 mm. longum, calyce
tubuloso 3-3.5 mm. longo 2 mm. lato brevissime remote denticulate,
dentibus triangularibus acutis erectis; corolla pallide rosea in ala-
bastro acutiuscula extus densissime sericea, tubo gracili supra paullo
dilatato 1 cm. longo, lobis lineari-lanceolatis 6-7 mm. longis patenti-
bus vel subreflexis attenuatis intus dense sericeis; filamenta lacinias
corollae aequantia dense adpresso-pilosa; stylus adpresso-pilosus
gracilis longe exsertus. Brazil : Rio Verde, Chapadao, Matto Grosso,
in swamps, April, 1918, J. G. Kuhlmann 2343- K (Herb. Berol.,
type).

Referable to the subgenus Commianthus, and related to R. dis-
color (Spruce) Muell. Arg. and R. pallidum Muell. Arg., both of
which were collected along the Rio Negro.

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 357

Erithalis fruticosa L. This common species of the West
Indies is known in Mexico only from Yucatan, and in Central America
it probably is unknown except on some of the islands off the coast.
A recent collection permits its report as a member of the flora of
British Honduras: All Pines, edge of mangrove swamp, August, 1930,
W. A. Schipp 583; a shrub 1 m. high with white flowers and black
fruits; occasional.

Machaonia grandis Wernham, Journ. Bot. 51: 220. 1913.

The species was based upon Tnana 1625. The following collec-
tion, although distributed under another number, is perhaps a
duplicate of the type: Colombia: Provincias de Choco and Barbacoas,
April, 1853, Tnana 3135 (Herb. Paris).

Machaonia Williamsii, sp. nov. Frutex vel arbuscula, ramulis
gracilibus rigidis dense yelutino-pilosulis ochraceis, internodiis ple-
rumque 2-4.5 cm. longis; stipulae erectae persistentes puberulae
2.5^3.5 mm. longae e basi latissima subulato-attenuatae; folia
petiplata opposita, petiolo gracili 6-11 mm. longo dense pilosulo;
lamina membranacea oblpngo-elliptica vel ovato-elliptica 5-9.5 cm.
longa 2-3.7 cm. lata sensim vel abrupte acuminata, acumine acuto,
basi acuta vel subobtusa, interdum abrupte contracta et breviter
decurrens, supra viridis, dense breviterque asperulo-pilosula, costa
venisque subimpressis, subtus paullo pallidior, dense pilis albidis
patentibus velutino-pilosula, costa gracili eleyata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 8 angulo acuto adscendentibus gracilibus promi-
nentibus arcuatis prope marginem conjunctis ; inflorescentia terminalis
cymoso-paniculata 2-5 cm. longe pedunculata dense multiflora
rotundato-pyramidalis 2.5^-10.5 cm. longa et 3.5-11 cm. lata, ramulis
densissime patenti-pilosulis, bracteis brevibus linearibus vel subu-
latis, floribus dense congestis sessilibus vel brevissime pedicellatis;
hypanthium oblongo-obovoideum c. 1 mm. longum dense albo-
pilosulum; calyx 5-partitus, laciniis c. 0.8 mm. longis late ovatis vel
pvalibus apice obtusis vel rotundatis sparse minute pilosulis; corolla
in alabastro apice late rotundata extus glabra 2.5-3 mm. longa:
fructus cuneato-obovatus 3-3.3 mm. longus albido-puberulus sub-
compressus basin versus paullo angustatus apice obtusus calyce
persistente coronatus. Peru: Juan Guerra, near Tarapoto, Dept.
San Martin, alt. 360-900 m., December 30, 1929, Llewelyn Williams
6886 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 614,632, type). Rio Mayo, Tarapoto,
in forest, December, 1929, Williams 6255, 6248, 6246.

From Peru there has been reported only a single species of this
genus, Machaonia peruviana Wernham, whose type was collected
by Pavon at some unknown locality, perhaps even in Ecuador.
That is described as having glabrate leaves and narrowly lanceolate
calyx lobes. M . Williamsii is closely related to M. acuminata H. & B.,

358 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

which ranges from Brazil to Ecuador and Central America, but in
that the fruits are much longer (5-6 mm.) than in M. Williamsii.

Guettarda sericea Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 450. 1875.

Paraguay: Espinillar, Bco. Branco, October, 1895, J. D. Anisits
2236 (Herb. Stockholm) ; a shrub 2-3 m. high. The collection repre-
sents a great extension of range for the species, reported heretofore
from Bahia. The Paraguay specimens seem to differ in no important
respect from northern material, although the leaves are somewhat
smaller and have a more dense pubescence on the lower surface.

Guettarda colubrinoides, sp. nov. Ramuli graciles teretes
fusco-ferruginei, novellis sparse strigosis, internodiis elongatis; stipu-
lae deciduae, non visae; folia petiolata opposita magna firme mem-
branacea, petiolo gracili 2-3.2 cm. longp dense adpresso-pilosulo vel
serius glabrato; lamina ovalis vel ovali-elliptica 13-15.5 cm. longa
8-10 cm. lata apice acuta vel breviter acute acuminata basi lata
leviter vel profunde cordata, supra fusco-olivacea, tantum ad venas
puberula, aliter glabra, costa venisque prominulis, subtus paullo
pallidior, ad venas sparse subadpresso-pilosa, inter venas minutissime
sparseque strigillosa, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque
latere c. 9 angulo semirecto vel angustiore adscendentibus gracillimis
prominentibus arcuatis prope marginem conjunctis, nervulis promi-
nulis pallidis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentiae cymosae axillares soli-
tariae vel ob internodia abbreviata spurie aggregatae dense pauci- vel
multiflorae c. 1 cm. latae 1 cm. longe vel brevius pedunculatae, pedun-
culo dense adpresso-pilosulo, floribus arete sessilibus, bracteis magnis
ellipticis vel oblongis brunnescentibus obtusis extus sparse sericeis
calyce multo longioribus; hypanthium subglobosum fere 1 mm.
longum densissime ochraceo-pilosulum ; calyx tubulosus 1.7 mm.
longus ferrugineus sparse puberulus truncatus, in anthesi saepe in-
aequaliter fissus; corolla extus minute cinereo-sericea, tubo gracillimo
13 mm. longo 1 mm. crasso supra vix dilatato, lobis 4 patentibus
3 mm. longis oblongis obtusis intus glabris; antherae oblongae
semiexsertae. Mexico: Paso del Carrizal, Tabasco, May 4, 1890,
J. N. Rovirosa 787 (Herb. Kew., type).

Among the few Mexican species of the genus, this is set apart
by the very large, thin, nearly glabrous leaves, which are conspicu-
ously cordate at the base.

Guettarda sabiceoides Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 289. 1929.

Colombia: Prov. Barbacoas, Rio Patiq, April, 1853, Triana 3192
(Herb. Paris).

Guettarda hirsuta (R. & P.) Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 200. 1805. Lau-
geria hirsuta R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 22. pi 45, f. 2. 1799.

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 359

Ecuador: At the base of Mount Chimborazo, 1,200 m., September,
1860, R. Spruce 6225 (Herb. Kew.). A tree 9 m. high; corolla sordid-
violaceous, the limb white.

Guettarda rhamnifolia, sp. nov. Ramuli crassi teretes, inter-
npdiis valde abbreviatis plerumque 2-3 mm. longis dense adpresso-
pilosis; stipulae deciduae rotundato-ovatae 5-6 mm. longae pallidae
cuspidato-apiculatae extus dense adpresse ochraceo-pilosae; folia
petiolata subcoriacea mediocria opposita, petiolo crasso 8-12 mm.
longo dense subadpresse ochraceo-hispidulo; lamina ovalis, oblongo-
elliptica vel subrotundata, 4-6.5 cm. longa, 3-4.5 cm. lata, apice
late rotundata vel rare late obtusa et brevissime obtuse apiculata,
basi rotundata usque ad acuta et vulgo abrupte contracta et breviter
decurrens, supra in sicco fusca, lucida, glabra, tantum ad venas
puberula, costa venisque profunde impressis, venulis subimpressis,
subtus pallidior, ubique dense laxeque fulvo-tomentosa, venis to-
mento fere occultis, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 7 angulo
acuto adscendentibus arcuatis prope marginem conjunctis ; cymae axil-
lares solitariae pauciflorae non vel brevissime ramosae usque ad 1 cm.
longe pedunculatae, pedunculo rigidp crasso dense fulvo-tomentoso,
floribus arete sessilibus; drupa ovalis vel obovoidea lucida glabra
8-9 mm. longa et 6^7 mm. lata, basi et apice rotundata vel basi
acutiuscula 2-3-locularis. Brazil: Without locality, Burchell 66^9
(Herb. Kew., type).

A member of Mueller's section Matthiola; distinguished from
related Brazilian species by the very abundant, loose tomentum of
the lower leaf surface, and by the rounded or very obtuse leaf apex.

Guettarda hypoglauca, sp. nov. Ramuli crassi subteretes
fusco-ferruginei subglauci rimosi, novellis densissime patenti-pilosis,
internodiis valde abbreviatis plerumque 3-4 mm. longis; stipulae
deciduae rotundato-ovatae 6-7 mm. longae acutae extus dense
fulvo-pilosae, intus sericeae; folia petiolata crasse membranacea
opposita magna, petiolo gracili vel crassiusculo 1.5-3 cm. longo dense
pilis gracilibus patentibus ochraceis vel fulvis piloso; lamina ovata vel
deltoideo-ovata 9.5-14 cm. longa 6-8.5 cm. lata acuta vel subabrupte
acuminata, basi obtusa vel rotundata, interdum abrupte contracta et
breviter decurrens, supra in sicco fusca, ubique dense hispidulo-
pilpsa, mollis, costa venisque prominulis, subtus discolor, incana,
ubique densissime pilis subadpressis vel subpatentibus griseis plus
minusve intertextis pilosa, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 10 angulo semirecto adscendentibus gracilibus
prominentibus leviter arcuatis vel fere rectis prope marginem con-
junctis, nervulis crebris transversis parallelis tenuibus pilis fere
occultis; cymae axillares solitariae dense multiflorae 1.5-2 cm. latae
c. 1 cm. longe pedunculatae petiolis vix longiores, breviter dicho-
tomae, pedunculo crasso densissime fulvo-piloso, floribus arete sessi-
libus, bracteis filiformibus densissime fulvo-pilosis calycem aequan-
tibus vel longioribus; hypanthium 1.5 mm. longum densissime

360 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

longipilosum, calyce tubuloso-campanulato truncate 2.5-3 mm. longo
extus dense longeque piloso; corolla extus dense adpresso-pilosa, tubo
gracili c. 2 cm. longo 2 mm. lato supra vix dilatato, lobis 5 adscenden-
tibus 3-4 mm. longis oblongis apice rotundatis intus puberulis vel
breviter pilosis; antherae ut stylus inclusae. Brazil: "Environs de
Rio de Janeiro et d'Ouro Preto," 1883-84, A. Glaziou U950 (Herb.
Kew., type).

The plant belongs to the section Cadamba, and is related to G.
viburnoides C. & S., likewise a Brazilian species. From all the forms
of that species, however, G. hypoglauca differs in its exceedingly
copious pubescence consisting of spreading or only laxly appressed,
long hairs.

Anisomeris Englesingii (Standl.), comb. nov. Chomelia Engle-
singii Standl. Trop. Woods 16: 45. 1928.

The species was described from the Atlantic coast of Nicaragua.
It may now be reported from Panama: Caiio Quebrado, Canal Zone,
June, 1914, H. Pittier 6659 (Herb. Berol.). The Panama specimens
differ from the type only in having the leaves more abundantly
pilose on the under surface. The species is not listed in the writer's
Flora of the Panama Canal Zone.

Anisomeris Klugii, sp. nov. Frutex 2-metralis, ramulis graci-
libus subteretibus ochraceis, novellis dense strigoso-sericeis, inter-
nodiis plerumque brevibus; stipulae persistentes erectae brunneae
glabratae anguste triangulares vel lineari-subulatae 2.5-3.5 mm.
longae; folia breviter petiolata opposita, petiolo gracili 3-6 mm. longo
strigoso vel glabrato; lamina firme membranacea oblongo-ovata,
oblongo-elliptica vel lanceolato-elliptica, 4-7 cm. longa, 1.5-2.5 cm.
lata, abrupte caudato-acuminata, acumine longo angusto attenuate,
basi acuta vel basin versus angustata, supra viridis, glabra, costa
venisque subimpressis, subtus vix pallidior, ad costam venasque
strigosa, aliter glabra, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque
latere c. 5 angulo acuto adscendentibus gracilibus prominentibus
arcuatis prope marginem conjunctis, inter nervulos prominulos reti-
culatps minute lineolata; flores in axillis solitarii vel pauci et fasci-
culati, sessiles vel brevissime pedicellati; hypanthium vix 1 mm.
longum strigosum, calyce tubuloso 2 mm. longo strigoso-sericeo,
laciniis linearibus suberectis 2-2.5 mm. longis; corolla alba extus
dense sericea, tubo fere filiformi 18 mm. longo supra non dilatato,
laciniis 4 lineari-attenuatis 4 mm. longis intus glabris. Peru: Mi-
shuyacu, near Iquitos, Dept. Loreto, alt. 100 m., in forest, Decem-
ber, 1929, G. King 661 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 612,620, type).

Probably conspecific is Killip & Smith 28738 from Santa Rosa
on the lower Rio Huallaga, Dept. Loreto. The specimen is sterile
and the branches armed with spines in the leaf axils. In the type
specimen the branches are unarmed.

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 361

Anisomeris occidentalis (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Chomelia
ocadentalis Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 452. 1875.

The type was collected in western Brazil by Tamberlik. The
following additional collections may be reported: Brazil: Without
locality, Claussen 615 (Herb. Berol.). Goyaz, Glaziou 21493 (Herb.
Berol., Herb. Stockholm).

Anisomeris ribesioides (Benth.) Rusby, var. villosula (Muell.
Arg.), comb. nov. Malanea ribesioides var. villosula Muell. Arg.
Flora 58: 453. 1875. Chomelia ribesioides var. villosula Muell. Arg.
in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 5 : 41. 1881.

Anisomeris brasiliana (A. Rich.), comb. nov. Chomelia bra-
siliana A. Rich. Me'm. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 5: 183. 1834.

Anisomeris pedunculosa (Benth.), comb. nov. Chomelia pedun-
culosa Benth. Linnaea 23: 445. 1850.

Anisomeris tristis (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Chomelia tristis
Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 452. 1875.

Anisomeris pubescens (C. & S.), comb. nov. Chomelia pubes-
cens C. & S. Linnaea 4: 187. 1829.

Anisomeris oligantha (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Chomelia
oligantha Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 452. 1875.

Anisomeris vulpina (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Chomelia vulpina
Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 452. 1875.

Anisomeris estrellana (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Chomelia
estrcllana Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 452. 1875.

Anisomeris parviflora (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Chomelia
parviflora Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 453. 1875.

Anisomeris malaneoides (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Chomelia
malaneoides Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 452. 1875.

Anisomeris transiens (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Chomelia
transiens Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 6 : 457. 1888.

Anisomeris sessilis (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Chomelia sessilis
Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 451. 1875.

Brazil : Cuyaba, Riedel 1117 (Herb. Leningrad) . S. L. de Caceres,
Matto Grosso, in 1911, Hoehne 4606; flowers white. Peru: Seringal
Auristella, Rio Acre, April, 1911, Ule 9860; a shrub or tree 6-18 m.
high; flowers white.

The Peruvian specimen shows slight differences from the others,
but it probably is only a form of A. sessilis.

Anisomeris juruensis, sp. nov. Frutex vel arbuscula 5-metralis,
ramulis teretibus gracilibus cinereis in axillis spinis rigidis divari-

362 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

catis validis paucis c. 1 cm. longis armatis, novellis brunneis minute
adpresso-pilosulis, internodiis brevibus; stipulae subpersistentes
erectae tenues brunneae e basi lata abrupte subulato-attenuatae
extus minute adpresso-pilosulae; folia mediocria breviter petiolata
membranacea opposita, petiolo gracili 3-6 mm. longo puberulo;
lamina elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, interdum ovato-elliptica, 4-8
cm. longa, 2-3.5 cm. lata, abrupte longiacuminata, acumine angusto
longe attenuate c. 1 cm. longo, basi acuta usque ad rotundata, supra
in sicco fusca, tantum ad venas sparse puberula vel fere glabra,
venis non elevatis, subtus brunnescens, ad venas minute adpresso-
pilosula, in axillis barbata, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 7 angulo recto vel paullo latiore adscendentibus
valde arcuatis gracilibus prominentibus prope marginem conjunctis,
nervulis subimpressis laxe reticulatis, pagina inter nervulos creber-
rime pulchre lineolata; flores axillares solitarii, pedicellis gracilibus
1-2 mm. longis, bracteolis lanceolatis hypanthium aequantibus vel
longioribus; hypanthium oblongum 1-1.5 mm. longum sparse minute
strigillosum; calyx 1.5 mm. longus ad medium vel paullo profundius
4-fidus extus dense strigillosus, laciniis lineari-attenuatis erectis;
corolla alba extus dense ochraceo-sericea, tubo gracillimo 15-17 mm.
longo fere 1 mm. crasso supra vix dilatato, lobis 4 lanceolato-lineari-
bus 5-6 mm. longis patentibus attenuatis intus glabris; antherae
oblongae semiexsertae. Brazil : Bom Fin, Rio Jurua, Amazon region,
November, 1900, E. Ule 5131 (Herb. Kew., type).

Because of the form of the calyx, this plant is related to Ani-
someris brasiliana (A. Rich.) Standl., also Brazilian. That species
differs in its merely acute or subacute leaves with less numerous
pairs of veins and in its more abundant pubescence consisting of
long hairs.

Anisomeris parvif olia, sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor dense ramosa
in axillis spinis gracilibus 1.5-2 cm. longis armata, ramulis gracilibus
teretibus fusco-olivaceis, novellis dense pilis rigidulis subpatentibus
brevibus pilosis, internodiis plerumque abbreviatis; stipulae persis-
tentes suberectae dense strigosae late oyato-triangulares 1.5-2 mm.
longae subulato-acuminatae; folia longiuscule petiolata opposita,
petiolo gracili 8-47 mm. longo pilis ochraceis laxe adscendentibus
dense piloso; lamina membranacea ovata, oblonga vel ovatp-elliptica,
2-4 cm. longa, 1-1.7 cm. lata, acuta vel brevissime acuminata, basi
obtusa vel acuta, interdum basin versus sensim angustata, supra
sparse hispidula, costa venisque prominulis, inter nervulos lineolata,
subtus paullo pallidior, ubique pilis brevibus subpatentibus hispidulo-
pilosa, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 5
angulo acuto adscendentibus gracilibus prominentibus arcuatis juxta
marginem conjunctis; flores axillares solitarii, pedicellis filiformibus
9-14 mm. longis dense pilosis, bracteolis filiformibus hypanthio
brevioribus; hypanthium obovoideo-oblpngum 1.5 mm. longum basi
acutum dense ochraceo-pilosulum ; calycis tubus cylindraceus 1.2 mm.
longus adpresso-pilosus, laciniis c. 1.5 mm. longis lineari-attenuatis

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 363

subrecurvis viridibus; corolla extus pilosulo-sericea, tubo gracili 6 mm.
longo superne non dilatato, lobis 4 lanceolato-pblongis 4 mm. longis
patentibus abrupte acuminatis intus glabris. Brazil (State of
Parana): Serra do Mar, Itupava, in silva primaeva, alt. 460 m.,
September 17, 1908, P. Dusin 6728 (Stockholm herb., type). With-
out definite locality, November, 1914, Dus&n 15824 (S). Kilometra
60, in silva primaeva, G. Jdnssan 685a (S). Volta Grande, in silva
primaeva, September, 1915, Dus&n 17194 (S).

The specimens were referred by the collector to Chomelia Vauthieri
Muell. Arg. I have seen no specimens of that species, described
from Serra dos Orgaos, but according to description it differs in
having much larger leaves with sparse appressed pubescence, and
a much longer corolla.

Anisomeris monantha Schum. in herb., sp. nov. Frutex vel
arbuscula, ramis gracilibus subteretibus fuscis vel fusco-ferrugineis
inermibus vel in axillis sparse spinis brevibus gracilibus armatis,
ramulis dense pilis brevibus ochraceis subadpressis pilosulis, inter-
nodiis brevibus; stipulae subpersistentes ovato-triangulares c. 1 mm.
longae acutae vel acuminatae adpresso-pilosulae erectae; folia parva
membranacea petiolata opppsita, petiolo gracillimo 3-5 mm. longo
dense adpresso-pilosulo; lamina ovata vel lanceolato-ovata 1.5-4 cm.
longa 7-15 mm. lata acuta vel sensim longiuscule acuminata basi
acuta, supra in sicco fusco-viridis, glabra vel ad venas pilosula, venis
vix prominulis, subtus fere concolor, ad venas dense adpresso-pilo-
sula, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 4-5
arcuatis gracillimis prominentibus angulo acuto adscendentibus,
pagina inter venas pulchre et arctissime parallele striolata; flores
numerosi axillares solitarii, pedicellis filiformibus 3-6 mm. longis
adpresso-pilosulis, bracteolis filiformibus hypanthio brevioribus;
hypanthium oblongum 1 mm. longum basi obtusiusculum dense
ochraceo-strigpsum ; calycis tubus fere 1 mm. longus strigpsus, lobis
4-5 filiformi-linearibus aequilongis patentibus vel recurvis; corolla
extus subdense strigosa, tubo gracillimo 7 mm. longo supra vix
dilatato, lobis 4 lanceolato-oblongis 2.5-3 mm. longis obtusis intus
glabris; antherae inclusae; stylus filiformis inclusus glaber. Brazil:
Rio de Janeiro, 1876-77, Glaziou 8749 (Herb. Berol., type; fragm.
and photo, in Herb. Field Mus.; duplicates in herb. Stockholm,
herb. Kew., and herb. Leningrad).

The species is well marked by its small leaves, and solitary
flowers with exceptionally short corollas.

Anisomeris modesta, sp. nov. "Frutex spinosus," ramulis
inermibus teretibus fuscp-ferrugineis, novellis dense fulvo-hirtellis,
internodiis abbreviatis; stipulae subpersistentes ovato-triangulares c.
1 mm. longae acutae vel acuminatae hirtellae; folia membranacea
parva petiolata opposita, petiolo 1.5-3 mm. longo dense hirtello;
lamina oblongo-ovata, ovata vel late ovata 7-19 mm. longa 5-9 mm.

364 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

lata acuta yel obtusa et abrupte apiculata, basi obtusa vel rotundata,
supra in sicco fusca, dense pilosa vel serius glabrata, inter yenas
striolato-venulosa, subtus fere concolor, densissime hirtello-pilosa,
costa prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 3-4 inconspicuis;
flores axillares solitarii, pedicello filiform! 3-7 mm. longo dense
patenti-piloso, bracteolis filiformibus hypanthio brevioribus; hypan-
thium 0.8 mm. longum late oblongum dense pilis pallidis patentibus
pilosum; calycis tubus c. 0.5 mm. longus breviter hirtellus, lobis
filiformi-linearibus patentibus vel recurvis 1-1.5 mm. longis; corolla
alba extus pilis albidis patentibus vel subadpressis pilosa, tubo
5-6 mm. longo supra paullo dilatato 0.8 mm. crasso, lobis oblpngo-
ovatis 3.5-4.5 mm. longis versus apicem obtusum attenuatis intus
glabris patentibus; antherae inclusae; stylus glaber. Brazil: In silva
secundaria ad Sao Jos6 dos Campos, Lagoa do Veado, State of Sao
Paulo, September 23, 1909, A.Lofgren 4127 (Herb. Berol., type).

The plant is similar in most characters to A. monantha Schum.,
but differs in its spreading pubescence, broader leaves, and relatively
larger corolla lobes.

Anisomeris bella, sp. nov. Frutex yel arbuscula, ramis vetus-
tioribus spinis validis 1-2 cm. longis divaricatis armatis, ramulis
subteretibus fuscis vel fusco-ferrugineis gracilibus, novellis pilis
pallidis patentibus densiuscule pilosis, internodiis plerumque bre-
vibus; stipulae ferrugineae subpersistentes 3-4 mm. longae trian-
gulari-lanceolatae longe acuminatae erectae pilis adpressis vel sub-
patentibus pilosulae; folia petiplata opposita membranacea, petiolo
gracili 3-7 mm. longo dense pilpso vel pilosulo; lamina late ovata,
lanceolato-ovata vel ovato-elliptica 1.5-3.5 cm. longa 1-2 cm. lata
acuta vel longe acuminata, basi late obtusa usque ad subcordata,
supra fusco-yiridis, primo dense sericep-pilosa, serius glabrata, venis
vix prominulis, subtus incana, dense pilosa vel subtomentpsa, inter-
dum plus minusve glabrata, costa gracili prominente, nervis laterali-
bus utroque latere 5-7 angulo lato vel angusto adscendentibus
gracillimis prominulis arcuatis; cymae axillares dense multiflorae
capituliformes vel basi brevissime ramosae, pedunculp gracili recto
vel leviter curvo 12-18 mm. longo patenti-piloso, floribus sessilibus
congestis, bracteis paucis lineari-subulatis calyce brevioribus; hypan-
thium 1.2 mm. longum late oblongum dense albido-tomentosum ;
calyx c. 1.5 mm. longus ad medium 4-5-lpbus lobis erectis lineari-
oblongis vel lanceolato-subulatis acutiusculis dense pilosulis; corolla
extus sparse adpresso-pilosa, tubo gracillimo 10-12 mm. longo supra
vix dilatato ore 1 mm. lato, lobis 4 patentibus oblongo-ellipticis yel
elliptico-ovatis 1.5 mm. longis obtusis intus glabris; antherae in-
clusae; stylus glaber. Brazil: Espirito Santo do Pinhal, F. C.
Hoehne 11875 (Herb. Berol., type). Santa Rita do Passa Quatro,
Sao Paulo, October 1, 1899, Ernst Hemmendorff 233 (Herb.
Stockholm).

Anisomeris randioides, sp. nov. Frutex mediocris, ramulis
crassis rigidis patentibus inermibus subteretibus ferrugineis dense

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 365

pilis breyibus pallidis patentibus pilosis, internodiis plerumque 1-2
cm. longis; stipulae subpersistentes late triangulares 2-3 mm. longae
acuminatae erectae dense adpresso-pilosae; folia parva subcoriacea
brevissime petiolata opppsita, petiolo crassiusculo 1-2 mm. longo
dense breviter piloso; lamina late elliptica, ovalis vel rotundato-ovata
1-2 cm. longa 8-14 mm. lata acuta vel pbtusa et apiculata, basi
anguste vel late rotundata, supra fusco-yiridis, glabra, venis obscure
impressis, subtus pallidior, dense pilis pallidis vel lutescentibus longius-
culis patentibus pilosa, costa crassiuscula elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere 4-5 inconspicuis vix prominulis angulo acuto adscen-
dentibus arcuatis; cymae pedunculatae 1-3-florae, pedunculo gracili
5-10 mm. longo densiuscule pilis longis patentibus piloso, floribus
sessilibus; hypanthium 1.2 mm. longum sparse pilis longis patentibus
pilosum; calyx tubulosus 1.5 mm. longus ad medium 4-5-lobus, lobis
erectis triangulari-oblongis apice obtusis vel anguste rotundatis
sparse pilosis; corolla alba extus densiuscule albo-sericea, tubo gracili
cylindraceo 10 mm. longo supra 1.4 mm. lato, lobis 4 ovato-oblongis
2 mm. longis apice rotundatis subpatentibus intus glabris; antherae
anguste oblongae inclusae vel semiexsertae; stylus glaber. Brazil:
Caminho Joazeiro, State of Ceara, April 23, 1910, Alb. Lofgren 663
(Herb. Stockholm, type).

In general appearance as well as in the abundant pubescence,
this plant resembles Anisomens sessilis (Muell. Arg.) Standl., but
in that the inflorescences are sessile and many-flowered.

Chomelia tenuiflora Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 235. 1841.

This species was not recorded from Colombia in the writer's
recent enumeration of the Rubiaceae of that country. The follow-
ing collections are in the Leningrad herbarium: Colombia: Servita,
Karsten. Villavicencio, Karsten.

Malanea forsteronioides Muell. Arg., var. pilosa, var. nov.
A forma typica ramis pilosis foliis supra sparse pilis longiusculis
subpatentibus subtus in statu juvenili pilis pallidis longis non arete
adpressis pilosis, inflorescentiis magis pilosis recedit. Brazil : Parana,
Paraty, ad rivulam scandens, December 30, 1911, P. Duskn 13769
(Herb. Stockholm, type).

In the typical form of the species, represented by a large number
of specimens collected in Parana by Duse*n, the leaves are glabrate
and bear only closely appressed hairs.

Chiococca erubescens Wernham, Journ. Bot. 51: 322. 1913.

Wernham described this clearly distinct species from Venezuela,
and it is represented by several collections from that country. Its
range extends as far as French Guiana: Without locality, Poiteau
(Herb. Leningrad).

366 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Chione mexicana Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 17:
340. 1927.

In a collection of Rubiaceae received for determination some time
ago from the Jardin Botanique Principal of Leningrad there was
found an old specimen of this species that deserves to be placed on
record: Mexico: Papantla, Veracruz, in 1841, Kanvinsky 1260.
Described as a tree 6 m. high.

Ixora nicaraguensis Wernham, Journ. Bot. 50: 243. 1912. /.
rauwolfioides Standl. Trop. Woods 11: 27. 1927.

Examination of a duplicate type of Ixora nicaraguensis shows
that /. rauwolfioides differs in no essential character, or in none at
all for that matter, the characters upon which the latter was separated
proving to be unstable. The following specimens of the species have
been examined:

Nicaragua : Chontales, Seemannll? (Herb. Kew., type collection).
Panama: Changuinola Valley, a small tree, March, 1924, V. C.
Dunlap 553, 566. Progreso, Chiriqui, a small stubby tree 4.5 m.
high, the trunk 7.5-10 cm. in diameter, in 1927, Cooper & Slater 205;
a small tree 6 m. high, the trunk 7.5 cm. in diameter, common, the
wood light-colored, hard and cross-grained, Cooper & Slater 2^5.
Daytonia Farm, a tree 7.5-9 m. high, the trunk 7.5 cm. in diameter,
Cooper 419. Vernacular name, "oguito."

Ixora floribunda (A. Rich.) Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 134. 1866.
Siderodendron floribundum A. Rich, in Sagra, Hist. Cub. 11: 24. 1850.

Colombia: Honda, in 1844, Goudot (Herb. Paris). San Miguel,
Rip Magdalena, Prov. Mariquita, 400 m., Triana 1729 (Herb. Paris).
Without locality, Triana 21 (Herb. Paris).

Coussarea grandifolia Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI. 144.
1920.

Colombia: Prov. Ocana, 1,800 m., June, 1846-52, L. Schhm 713
(Herb. Paris). Growing in forest; flowers violaceous.

Coussarea megalocarpa, sp. nov. Arbuscula, ramulis crassis
sparse puberulis; stipulae deciduae, non visae; folia breviter petiolata
opposita, petiolo gracili 1-1.5 cm. longo puberulo; lamina firme
membranacea elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica 12-18 cm. longa 4.5-8 cm.
lata longe acuminata, acumine angusto longe attenuate, basi acuta,
supra viridis, ad venas minute puberula, sublucida, costa venisque
vix elevatis, nervulis prominulis, subtus paullo pallidior, ubique
dense molliterque pilis brevissimis patentibus vel subadpressis pilo-
sula, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 12
obliquis angulo latiusculo adscendentibus subarcuatis gracilibus
pallidis prominentibus prope marginem conjunctis, nervulis pro-
minulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis capitata dense multi-
flora c. 1 cm. longe pedunculata, pedunculo dense griseo-puberulo

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 367

crasso, bracteis longis linearibus; hypanthium obconicum dense
adpresso-pilosum ; calyx campanulatus dense adpresso-pilosus, tubo
truncato in lacinias lineares vel subulatas usque ad 12 mm. longas
desinente; fructus magnus oyali-globosus c. 3 cm. longus et 2 cm.
latus sparse puberulus vel pilosulus vel glabratus in sicco pallidus
grosse costatus, basi et apice rotundatus, monospermus. Peru : Rio
Mazan, near Iquitos, Dept. Loreto, April 6, 1930, Llewelyn Williams
8171 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 614,508, type).

The species is noteworthy for the copious pubescence of the under
surface of the leaves, and for the very large fruits.

Coussarea sessilif olia, sp. noy. Frutex omnino glaber, ramulis
gracilibus subteretibus in sicco pallide viridibus, internodiis elongatis;
stipulae persistentes minutae vix 1 mm. longae subtruncatae et 0.5
mm. longe mucronatae; folia sessilia vel usque ad 2 mm. longe petio-
lata membranacea elliptica, elliptico-oblonga vel obovato-elliptica,
6.5-11 cm. longa, 3-6 cm. lata, abrupte breviter acuminata, acumine
anguste triangulari-attenuato subobtuso, basin versus paullo angus-
tata, basi ipsa anguste rotundata vel breviter c&rdata, supra yiridis,
costa venisque conspicuis sed vix elevatis, rhaphidibus minutissimis
pallidis conspersa, subtus pallidior, costa gracili pallida elevata, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere c. 9 angulo lato adscendentibus gracilibus
prominulis inaequalibus plus minusye arcuatis prope marginem con-
junctis, neryulis prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis
cymoso-paniculata graciliter 2-3 cm. longe pedunculata erecta laxis-
sime pauciflora, ramulis gracillimis patentibus, inferioribus trifloris,
superioribus 1-floris, bracteis minutis vel obsoletis, pedicellis gracili-
bus 4-15 mm. longis interdum sparse minutissime puberulis; hypan-
thium anguste clavatum c. 2 mm. longum, calyce campanulato 2 mm.
longo breviter dentato, dentibus late triangularibus obtusis vel
acutiusculis; corolla extus glabra in alabastro linearis obtusa 18 mm.
longa, lobis linearibus tubo fere duplo longioribus. Peru: Puerto
Arturo, Yurimaguas, lower Rio Huallaga, Dept. Loreto, alt. 155-210
m., November 15, 1929, in forest, Llewelyn Williams 5084 (Herb.
Field Mus. No. 614,474, type); November 19, 1929, Williams 5201.

In the genus Coussarea this plant is unusual because of the very
slender branches of the open few-flowered inflorescence. Among the
Peruvian species it is unique in its sessile leaves.

Coussarea ovalis, sp. nov. Ramuli crassiusculi subteretes gla-
bri, internodiis elongatis; stipulae persistentes erectae late rotundatae
et subulato-acuminatae 8 mm. longae glabrae; folia breviter petiolata
opposita, petiolo crassiusculo 12-15 mm. longo glabro; lamina sub-
coriacea ovalis 14-17 cm. longa, 7-9.5 cm. lata, apice rotundata et
caudata, acumine oblongo-lineari c. 1 cm. longo obtuso, basi obtusa
vel acuta, glabra, in sicco flavo-viridis, costa venisque supra promi-
nentibus, venulis inconspicuis, costa subtus elevata gracili, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere c. 10 angulo lato divergentibus gracilibus
prominentibus fere rectis remote a margine conjunctis, venulis

368 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis late thyrsoideo-
paniculata sessilis vel 4 cm. longe pedunculata, 5-9 cm. longa et
4-7 cm. lata, sublaxe multiflora, basi verticillato-ramosa, ramis
crassiusculis divaricatis vel late adscendentibus glabris, bracteis
obsoletis, floribus sessilibus in cymulas parvas densas paucifloras
dispositis; hypanthium obconicum glabrum 1 mm. longum, calyce
late campanulato 1.5 mm. longo truncato glabro; corolla extus
minute pulverulaceo-puberula in alabastro obtusa, tubo gracili
cylindraceo 5-6 mm. longo, lobis oblongo-lanceolatis 4.5 mm. longis.
Peru: Paraiso, on the Alto Rio Itaya, Dept. Loreto, alt. 145 m.,
October 2, 1929, Llewelyn Williams 3355 (Herb. Field Mus. No.
614,164, type).

The leaves of this species resemble those of C. urophylla Standl.,
of Bolivia, but in that the calyx is shorter than the hypanthium, and
the form of the corolla very different.

Coussarea tricephala, sp. noy. Frutex, ramulis crassiusculis
subteretibus in sicco pallide brunneis glabris, internodiis abbreviatis;
stipulae (perfectae non visae) latissime pvatae obtusae minutissime
puberulae; folia breviter petiolata opposita, petiolo gracili 8-13 mm.
longo minute sparseque puberulo vel glabrato; lamina membranacea
elliptico-oblonga 10.5-16 cm. longa 3.5-6 cm. lata longe subabrupte
acuminata, acumine angusto attenuate, basin versus longiuscule
angustata, basi ipsa acuta vel acuminata, supra viridis, ad costam
venasque minute pilosula, aliter glabra, sparse rhaphidibus minutis
conspersa, costa venisque prominulis, nervulis prominulis laxe reti-
culatis, subtus paullo pallidior, glabra, minute pallido-puncticulata,
costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 13 obliquis
angulo acuto adscendentibus prominentibus gracillimis prope mar-
ginem conjunctis, nervulis prominulis, inflorescentia terminalis crasse
c. 7 mm. longe pedunculata e capitulis 3 crassissime 3-10 mm. longe
pedunculatis dense multifloris corollis neglectis fere 1 cm. latis com-
posita, pedunculis pallidis glabris, floribus arete sessilibus; hypan-
thium columnare 2 mm. longum costato-striatum sparse minute
puberulum vel glabratum, calyce late campanulato c. 2 mm. longo
et 3 mm. lato pallido truncato obsolete et remotissime denticulate;
corolla extus glabra vel sparse minutissime puberula, tubo gracillimo
c. 2.5 cm. longo supra vix dilatato medio 1.5 mm. lato, lobis lineari-
oblongis 1 cm. longis obtusis apice sparse brunneo-hispidulis. Peru:
Tarapoto, alt. 360-900 m., December 20, 1929, Llewelyn Williams
6533 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 614,436, type).

Among the Peruvian species of Coussarea this is easily recognized
by the form of the inflorescence, which consists of three small dense
heads borne on short stout peduncles.

Coussarea benensis Britton ex Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 296.
1931.

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 369

The species was described from Bolivia, but recently specimens
have been seen from Brazil also: Brazil : Resaca, Rio Jurud, November
1, 1874, J. W. H. Traill 448 (Herb. Kew.). A shrub with white
flowers.

Goussarea hydrangeifolia (Benth.) Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 467.
1875. Faramea hydrangeifolia Benth. Linnaea 23: 451. 1850.

Although this species is a rather common and widely distributed
one, it is perhaps worth while to report the following collections,
which probably illustrate extensions of range: Paraguay: Rio Apo,
December, 1896, a shrub or small tree, J. D. Anisits 2449 (Herb.
Stockholm); a shrub 3-4 m. high, Anisits 2454 (S). Brazil: Cuyaba,
Matto Grosso, "in cerrado minus denso," November, 1893, G. A.
Malme 1188 (Herb. Stockholm); a tree 2-3 m. high with smooth
bark; flowers white, fragrant.

Faramea axillaris Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 178. 1930.

Several additional collections, in better condition than those
previously cited, may now be reported for this well-marked species:

Peru: Puerto Arturo, lower Rio Huallaga, Dept. Loreto, a small
shrub in forest, November, 1929, Williams 5103, 5077. Santa Rosa,
lower Rio Huallaga, Dept. Loreto, 155-210 m., a small shrub in
forest, November, 1929, Wittiams 4954- Paraiso, Alto Rio Itaya,
Dept. Loreto, 145 m., a small shrub, October, 1929, Williams 3368.

Declieuxia fruticosa (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 279.
1891. Houstonia fruticosa Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3: 527. 1818.

Colombia: Anapoima, Bogota, 700 m., Trianal702 (Herb. Paris).
Ocana, in savannas, Schlim 161 (Herb. Paris).

Declieuxia fruticosa (Willd.) Kuntze, var. guyanensis (Muell.
Arg.), comb. nov. D. chiococcoides HBK., var. guyanensis Muell.
Arg. Flora 59: 435. 1876.

Colombia: Villavicencio, 300 m., Triana 1701 (Herb. Paris).

Declieuxia Dusenii, sp. nov. Herba perennis erecta vel
decumbens 30-50 cm. alta, caulibus inferne simplicibus vel paullo
ramosis teretibus viridibus glabris, internodiis saepe foliis longioribus;
stipulae lineares et foliaceae vel lineari-subulatae 5-10 mm. longae
glabrae, lobo filiformi breviore utrinque saepe adjecto, dorso linea
angusta decurrentes, erectae; folia longe petiolata opposita, petiolo
gracili 5-9 mm. longp glabro; lamina membranacea ovata, rhombeo-
ovata vel anguste elliptica, 1.5-3.5 cm. longa, 0.8-1.7 cm. lata, acuta
vel obtusa, rarius sensim acuminata, basin versus angustata vel
saepius prope basin abrupte contracta et longiuscule decurrens, supra
sparse scaberula vel glabrata, costa venisque manifestis sed vix
elevatis, subtus fere concolor, glabra vel tantum ad venas scaberula,

370 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 6-7 gracilibus
prominulis angulo acuto adscendentibus arcuatis prope marginem
conjunctis; inflorescentia magna terminalis cymoso-paniculata et
angusta vel interdum anguste corymbiformis, inferne foliis magnis
bracteata, cymis dense multifloris longe pedunculatis c. 2 cm. latis,
bracteis parvis linearibus vel subulatis calyce vix longioribus incon-
spicuis; hypanthium late turbinatum 0.7-1 mm. longum glabrum;
calycis laciniae hypanthio aequilongae lineares vel oblongo-lineares
distantes erectae; corolla caerulea extus glabra 6-7 mm. longa, tubo
gracili superne sensim dilatato, lobis oblongis obtusis vel acutiusculis
tubo duplo vel triple brevioribus; antherae breviter exsertae oblongae
1 mm. longae; stylus gracillimus exsertus; fructus didymus 2 mm.
latus glaber, hemicarpiis c. 1.2 mm. longis apice rotundatis subcom-
pressis superne nonnihil divergentibus. Brazil: Serrinha, Parana,
in campo, December 7, 1908, P. Dusen 7301 (Stockholm herb., type).
Casa Ypiranga, Parana, locis graminosis, January, 1914, Dusen 14004
(S). Villa Velha, Parana, in rupibus, October, 1914, G. Jdnssan
1247a (S). Serra do Mar, Ypiranga, Parana, in graminosis, February,
1904, Dusen 3639 (S). Prov. Sao Paulo, 1816-21, Auguste de Saint-
Hilaire 1549 (Herb. Paris). Without locality, 1861-62, J. Weir 442
(Herb. Kew.).

There are only a few species of Declieuxia that have petiolate
leaves, and this one seems to be related to D. clinopodioides Muell.
Arg., described from the state of Bahia. I have seen no material
of D. clinopodioides, but, according to Mueller's description, its
inflorescence is comose because of the numerous long bracts, which
equal or exceed the flowers. In D. Dusenii the bracts are very
small and inconspicuous.

Gephaelis chiapensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 295. 1929.
Evea chiapensis Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1392. 1926.

The type was collected at Finca Mexiquito, Chiapas, Mexico,
Purpus 6928. The species extends also to northern Central America :
Guatemala: Retalhuleu, April, 1877, Bernoulli & Cario 1710 (Herb.
BeroL).

Gephaelis surinamensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 335. 1929.

One additional collection of the species has been examined
recently: Surinam: Forest of Zandery, May, 1916, J. A. Samuels
524 (Herb. Berol.).

Cephaelis tontaneoides (Britt. & Standl.) Williams & Chees-
man, Fl. Trin. Tobago 2: 41. 1928. Evea tontaneoides Britt. & Standl.
Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 106. 1923. Cephaelis tontaneoides
Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 183. 1930.

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 371

The names cited above relate to a comedy of errors such as, it is
to be hoped, only infrequently relieves the otherwise dry pages
devoted to descriptions of new species of plants.

Evea tontaneoides Britt. & Standl. was based upon Broadway
9774 from Caparo, Trinidad, the type specimen being in the her-
barium of the Trinidad Botanic Garden. The species was transferred
quite properly to Cephaelis by Williams and Cheesman in their
enumeration of the Rubiaceae of Trinidad and Tobago. In publishing
the second Cephaelis tontaneoides in 1930, the writer quite overlooked
the previous publication of Evea tontaneoides, and the name Cephaelis
tontaneoides had not been listed in the Gray Herbarium card cata-
logue of new species. The two species, then, were published quite
independently, the C. tontaneoides of 1930 being based on De La Cruz
4239, from British Guiana.

The ending of the comedy is a happy one, however, for it turns
out that all the names relate to the same species, which is known
at present from Trinidad, British Guiana, French Guiana, and the
region of Para in Brazil. The confusion is, fortunately, less than
would have been the case had two distinct plants been described
under the same specific name.

Cephaelis timbiquensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 81. 1930.

An additional collection may be reported for this species, which
has been known heretofore only from the type specimen: Colombia:
Choco and Barbacoas, 1851-57, Triana 1672 (Herb. Paris). Vernac-
ular name, "amargo."

Cephaelis axillaris Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788. C.
pseudaxillaris Wernham, Journ. Bot. 55: 284. 1917.

In the enumeration of the Rubiaceae of Colombia it was stated
that Wernham 's name was perhaps a synonym of C. axillaris. I
have now examined a sheet of the type collection of C. pseudaxillaris
in the Paris herbarium, Triana 1689 from Choco and Barbacoas,
Colombia. I see no good reason for considering the specimen to be
different from C. axillaris. Triana gives the vernacular name as
"amargo."

Cephaelis tomentosa (Aubl.) Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 19. 1796.
Tapogomea tomentosa Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 160. 1775.

Only a single collection of this common species was reported in
the recent enumeration of the Rubiaceae of Ecuador. One additional
record may be reported: Ecuador: Zamora, January, 1882, Poortmann
349 (Herb. Paris).

372 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

One collection from Colombia also is worthy of citation, because
the label supplies a local name for the plant: Colombia: Choco and
Barbacoas, 70 m., Triana 1633 (Herb. Paris). Vernacular name,
"boca de sapo."

Cephaelis setifera Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 80. 1930.

The following additional collections have been examined recently:
Colombia: Servita, Villavicencio, Llano de San Martin, Karsten
(Herb. Leningrad). Between Servita and Villavicencio, Prov. Bogota,
400-1,000 m., Triana 1636 (Herb. Paris).

Cephaelis bella, sp. nov. Frutex omnino glaber, ramulis gra-
cilibus teretibus viridibus, vetustioribus olivaceis, internodiis brevi-
bus vel elongatis; stipulae erectae persistentes virides in vaginam
truncatam 2-2.5 mm. longam connatae, dorso setis subulatis 2
brevissimis onustae; folia breviter petiolata opposita, petiolo gracili
6-10 mm. longo; lamina crasse membranacea elliptica vel late
ovato-elliptica 9.5-13.5 cm. longa 4-8 cm. lata acuta vel abrupte
acuta, basi acuta vel acuminata vel saepius abrupte contracta et
longe angusteque decurrens, supra laete viridis, costa venisque
pallidis prominentibus, subtus paullo pallidior, costa gracili pro-
minente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 9 obliquis angulo latius-
culo abeuntibus gracilibus prominentibus arcuatis juxta marginem
conjunctis, nervulis prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia termi-
nalis capitata 3-7 mm. longe pedunculata erecta, capitulis bracteis
4 magnis involucratis, bracteis exterioribus viridibus ovato-orbicu-
laribus 1.5-2.5 cm. longis et aequilatis, apice acutis vel rotundatis et
subulato-mucronatis, basi late rotundatis vel truncatis, sequentibus
2 paullo minoribus, intimis reductis late ovatis viridibus acutis;
flores sessiles; hypanthium glabrum cylindraceum 1 mm. longum,
calyce aequilongo campanulato pallido remote et obscure denti-
culate; corolla extus glabra in alabastrp obtusa, tubo 9-13 mm.
longo crassiusculo supra paullo sensim dilatato fauce 3.5 mm. lato,
lobis 5 oblongo-triangularibus obtusiusculis 4 mm. longis intus gla-
bris. Peru: Puerto Arturo, Yurimaguas, lower Rio Huallaga, Dept.
Loreto, alt. 155-210 m., November 10, 1929, in forest, Llewelyn
Williams 5207 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 614,352, type) ; November 15,
1929, edge of forest, Williams 5071.

A handsome plant because of the neat form of the inflorescence
and the bright green color of the leaves and bracts; not very closely
related to any of the other Peruvian species of the genus.

Cephaelis oinochrophylla, sp. nov. Frutex 1.5 m. altus
ramosus, ramis gracilibus subteretibus et bisulcatis glabris, inter-
nodiis 6-7 cm. longis; stipulae persistentes breviter connatae late
ovatae 1-1.5 cm. Ipngae abrupte acuminatae glabrae, acumine apice
breviter bifido; folia crasse membranacea brevissime petiolata oppo-
sita, petiolo crassiusculo 3-8 mm. longo glabro; lamina elliptico-

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 373

oblonga 15-20 cm. longa 4.5-7.5 cm. lata subabrupte breviuscule
acuminata, acumine angusto attenuate, basi acuta vel acutiuscula,
supra in sicco fusco-viridis, glabra, costa venisque prominentibus vel
prominulis, subtus in sicco intense rubro-purpurea, tantum ad venas
minutissime puberula vel fere omnino glabra, costa gracili elevata,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 12 gracillimis prominentibus
angulo fere recto abeuntibus arcuatis prope marginem conjunctis,
nervulis prominentibus transversis et subparallelis vel laxe reticulatis;
inflorescentia terminalis subcapitata longe pedunculata, pedunculo
gracili glabro 3.5-^5 cm. longo erecto et recto; inflorescentia e capitulis
3 dense paucifloris sessilibus vel brevissime pedunculatis composita,
basi bracteis 2 late rptundatis 10-12 mm. longis apice late rotundatis
vel abrupte apiculatis basi plus minusve saccatis fulcrata, bracteis
interipribus subaequilongis apice truncatis vel latissime rotundatis,
intimis angustioribus late spathulatis; flores sessiles, hypanthio
cylindraceo 1 mm. longo glabro; calyx late campanulatus glaber
1.2 mm. longus ad medium vel profundius 5-lobus, laciniis ovatis,
oblongis vel late ovatis acutiusculis; corolla extus glabra in alabastro
apice rotundata anguste tubuloso-infundibuliformis, tubo 8-9 mm.
longo supra sensim dilatato ore 2.5 mm. lato, Ipbis 5 triangularibus
c. 1 mm. longis obtusis patentibus vel subreflexis intus sparse breviter-
que villosis; antherae ut stylus inclusae. Peru: Tierra Blanca,
lower Rio Morona, middle Maranon, Dept. Alto Amazonas, alt.
160 m., in forest, January 10, 1925, G. Tessmann 4913 (Herb. Berol.,
type).

The collector supplies the following notes: Bracts more or less
deep brownish lilac; peduncles often almost wholly lilac; lower
surface of the leaves colored a beautiful lilac; corolla white. The
species may be recognized immediately by the brightly colored under
surface of the leaf blades.

Psychotria marginata Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 43. 1788.

Although this is one of the most widely distributed of the Ameri-
can species of Psychotria, it has not been reported, so far as I know,
from Mexico. The following collection has been seen recently:
Mexico: Teapa, Tabasco, Linden (Herb. Paris); flowers yellowish
green.

Psychotria involucrata Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788.

In the Trees and Shrubs of Mexico this common American species
was reported only from the state of Veracruz. As indicated by the
following collections, it occurs also in Oaxaca: Without locality, in
1842, Liebmann (Herb. Paris). Cordillera of Oaxaca, 900 m., in
1840, Galeotti 7182 (Herb. Kew.).

Psychotria patens Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788.
Reported in Mexico previously only from the state of Chiapas.

374 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

The following collection is referable to the species: Tabasco: Near
Atasta, August, 1889, J. N. Rovirosa 571 (Herb. Kew.).

Psychotria limonensis Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 54: Beibl.
119:43.1916.

This species usually is easily recognized, but it approaches some
of the forms of P. trichotoma Mart. & Gal., and certain specimens
are about intermediate between the two. Psychotria limonensis
Krause has been recorded in Mexico only from .Chiapas, but the
following collection is typical: Tabasco: Near Atasta, May, 1888,
J. N. Rovirosa 156 (Herb. Kew.); a shrub 3-4 m. high, common in
the arroyo of Tapijuluya.

The species may be reported also from Nicaragua: Chontales,
1867-68, R. Tate 209 (334) (Herb. Kew.).

Psychotria canephorantha Wernham, Journ. Bot. 55: 338.
1917.

This very distinct species, based on Spruce 4120 from Tarapoto,
Peru, of which the writer has seen two sheets, has been known hereto-
fore only from the original collection. The following additional
specimens were collected in 1929: Peru: Tarapoto, a shrub in forest,
Williams 6159, 6110, 5820, 5389, 6511. Juan Guerra, near Tarapoto,
Williams 6872.

Cephaelis Duckei, sp. nov. Frutex 2-3-metralis ramosus,
ramulis gracilibus subteretibus viridibus dense pilis multicellularibus
elongatis patentibus pallidis villosis, internodiis 1-4 cm. longis;
stipulae in vaginam 3-4 mm. longam dense villpsam subtruncatam
connatae, vagina in lobos 4 erectos triangulari-oblpngqs 1.5 mm.
longos erectos desinente; folia membranacea mediocria breviter
petiplata opposita, petiolo gracili 4-7 mm. longo dense villoso;
lamina oblanceolato-oblonga vel anguste elliptico-oblonga 9-10.5 cm.
longa 2.5-3.5 cm. lata longiuscule subabrupte acuminata, acumine
angusto attenuate, basin versus longe attenuata, supra laete viridis,
sparse pilis longis gracillimis patentibus villosa, costa venisque non
elevatis, subtus fere concplor, sparse pilis longis patentibus villoso-
pilosa, costa pallida gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
c. 6 gracillimis prominentibus angulo acuto adscendentibus subar-
cuatis marginem fere attingentibus, nervulis obscuris laxe reticulatis;
inflorescentia terminalis sessilis capitata 3-4-flora, bracteis c. 7
involucrata, floribus sessilibus; bracteae aurantiacae lineari-oblongae
flores subaequantes 3-3.5 cm. longae 5-6 mm. latae acutae vel breviter
acuminatae, basin versus paullo angustatae, utrinque, extus densius,
villoso-pilosae, suberectae; calyx tubulosus 1 cm. longus 5-6 mm.
latus pilosus breviter dentatus; corolla alba extus dense pilis longis
gracilibus pallidis villosa, tubo crasso 2.5 cm. longo 5-6 mm. lato,

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 375

lobis 4 patentibus lanceolato-oblongis 6-7 mm. longis 2-3 mm. latis
acutiusculis intus glabris; antherae subexsertae oblongo-lineares
3-4 mm. longae. Brazil: In silvis npn inundatis prope flumen Arama
in regione Breves aestuarii amazonici, State of Para, November 29,
1922, A. Ducke 18828 (Herb. Berol., type).

The plant is a strikingly distinct one, of no clear specific affinity.
It must be an exceptionally showy shrub when growing. It is
noteworthy for the few-flowered inflorescence, subtended by narrow,
almost or quite distinct, brightly colored bracts, and for the unusually
large, densely hairy corollas.

Cephaelis hastisepala (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria
hastisepala Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 5 : 350. pi. 54. 1881.

Cephaelis appendiculata (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria
appendiculata Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 6 : 350. 1881.

Gephaelis trichocephala (Poepp. & Endl.), comb. nov. Psycho-
tria trichocephala Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 32. pi. 238. 1845.

Cephaelis biternata (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria
biternata Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 5 : 366. 1881.

Cephaelis glabrescens (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria
glabrescens Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 5 : 363. 1881.

Cephaelis horridula (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria
horridula Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 6 : 344. pi. 53, f. 2. 1881.

Cephaelis involucrans (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria
involucrans Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 5 : 365. 1881.

Cephaelis phyllocalymmoides (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psy-
chotria phyllocalymmoides Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 6 : 374. 1881.

Cephaelis Humboldtiana Cham. Linnaea 4: 136. 1829. Psycho-
tria Humboldtiana Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 5 : 333. 1881.

For the typical form of the species Mueller (loc. cit.) lists only
the type specimen, from Venezuela. The following collection from
Brazil agrees perfectly with a photograph of the type (ex Herb.
Berol.) in the herbarium of Field Museum: Brazil: Upper Rio Negro,
1907-8, Weiss & Schmidt (Herb. Kew.).

Psychotria axillaris Willd. Sp. PL 1: 962. 1797.
Colombia: Villavicencio, Prov. Bogota, 300 m., 1851-57, J.
Triana 1699 (Herb. Paris).

Psychotria Marcgraviella, sp. nov. Frutex 60 cm. altus, ramu-
lis gracilibus sparse ramosis teretibus dense ferrugineo-hispidulis,
internodiis plerumque 1-1.5 cm. longis; stipulae erectae persistentes
lineari-lanceolatae c. 3 mm. longae ferrugineo-hispidulae; folia fere

376 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

sessilia opposite, petiolo 1-1.5 mm. longo hispidulo; lamina mem-
branacea oblonga 3-4.4 cm. longa 1-1.5 cm. lata acuta basi late
rotundata et cordata, sinu 1-2 mm. longo, supra viridis, ad costam
ferrugineo-pilosa, aliter glabra, costa prominula, venis inconspicuis,
subtus paullp pallidior, tantum ad costam ferrugineo-pilosula, costa
gracili prominente, nervis lateralibus utrpque latere c. 6 tenerrimis
angulo acuto adscendentibus subarcuatis inconspicuis; inflorescentia
terminalis 2 cm. longe pedunculata cymoso-corymbosa c. 2 cm.
longa et 3-4 cm. lata, laxe pauciflora, basi trichotoma, ramis gracilli-
mis subpatentibus glabris, bracteis subulatis usque ad 1 mm. longis,
pedicellis gracillimis glabris 2-4 mm. longis; hypanthium obovoideum
0.7 mm. longum glabrum; calyx glaber profunde 4-dentatus, dentibus
triangularibus acutis; corolla ochroleuca in alabastro obtusa extus
glabra, tubo crassiusculo 2.5 mm. longo supra paullo sensimque
dilatato, lobis 4 anguste oblongis obtusis recurvis tubo duplo breviori-
bus; antherae inclusae; stylus breviter exsertus. Peru: In forest,
Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, Dept. Loreto, alt. 100 m., October-
November, 1929, G. King 494 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 612,606, type).

In the appearance of the branches and foliage the plant suggests
a diminutive juvenile form of some of the Marcgravia species, hence
the specific name. This Psychotria is a relative of P. tenuicaulis
Krause, also Peruvian, but from that, as well as from most other
Peruvian species, it is easily distinguishable by the cordate leaf bases.

Psychotria huallagae, sp. nov. Frutex, ramulis crassiusculis
ochraceis glabris, novellis viridibus, internodiis valde abbreyiatis;
stipulae persistentes suberectae fere ad basin bifidae, basi late
rptundatae, laciniis lineari-filiformibus attenuatis glabris; folia brevis-
sime petiolata opposita, petiolo glabro 1-2 mm. longo; lamina mem-
branacea oblanceolato-oblonga vel anguste elliptico-oblonga 6-11 cm.
longa, 1.8-4 cm. lata, abrupte acuta vel breviter acuminata, acumine
acuto, basin versus paullo angustata, basi ipsa acuta, glabra, supra
in sicco griseo-viridis, costa venisque subprpminentibus, subtus fere
concplor, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 12,
ceteris paullo tenuioribus brevioribusque subparallelis interpositis,
angulo fere recto abeuntibus, pallidis, prominentibus, gracilibus,
prope marginem conjunctis, nervulis prominulis laxe reticulatis;
inflorescentia terminalis graciliter 3 cm. longe pedunculata cymosp-
paniculata, c. 2 cm. longa et 3.5 cm. lata, late pyramidalis, ramis
pppositis viridibus patentibus, cymis paucifloris densis, floribus sessil-
ibus vel subsessilibus, bracteis infimis subulatis, ceteris deciduis;
calyx glaber ad apicem baccae persistens breviter 5-dentatus; fructus
subglobosus vel late ellipsoideus c. 5 mm. longus obscure costatus
glaber, pyrenis 2 facie interfere planis. Peru: Puerto Arturo, Yuri-
maguas, lower Rio Huallaga, Dept. Loreto, alt. 155-210 m., Novem-
ber 20, 1929, Llewelyn Williams 5265 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 614,356,
type).

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 377

Psychotria Klugii, sp. nov. Frutex 1.5 m. altus, ramulis
crassiusculis subteretibus vel obtuse tetragqnis glabris in sicco fuscis,
internodiis plerumque 1-2 cm. longis; stipulae persistentes laxae
suberectae ovali-ovatae c. 1 cm. longae acutiusculae glabrae fere
liberae; folia petiolata opposita, petiolo crassiusculo 1.3-3.5 cm. longo
glabro; lamina anguste lanceolato-oblonga 23-31 cm. longa 7-8.5 cm.
lata longe angusteque attenuato-acuminata, acumine angustissimo,
basin versus longe attenuata, crasse membranacea, glabra, supra
opaca, costa venisque subprominentibus, subtus paullo pallidior,
dense et minutissime pallido-puncticulata, costa gracili elevata,
nervis lateralibus utrpque latere c. 12 angulo acuto vel latiusculo
adscendentibus prominentibus gracilibus arcuatis marginem attin-
gentibus, nervulis vix prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia termi-
nalis c. 6 cm. longe pedunculata, e capitulis c. 6-10 mm. longe
pedunculatis umbellatim dispositis composita, pedunculis sordido-
puberulis, capitulis c. 1 cm. latis dense paucifloris, bracteis exteriori-
bus 6-8 mm. longis late ovatis vel ovalibus obtusis glabris basin
versus breviter angustatis; flores albi sessiles; hypanthium late
obovoideum 1.5 mm. longum glabrum, calyce c. 0.6 mm. longo
obsolete repando-denticulato; cetera ignota. Peru: In forest, Mishu-
yacu, near Iquitos, Dept. Loreto, alt. 100 m., January, 1930, G.
King 835 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 612,590, type); October-November,
1929, King 519.

The plant bears no very close resemblance to any species with
which I am familiar. The very large and long and narrow leaves
are unusual.

Psychotria tarapotensis, sp. nov. Frutex, ramulis gracillimis
teretibus vel novellis in sicco compressis pallide viridibus glabris,
internodiis elongatis; stipulae erectae persistentes fere liberae biparti-
tae, laciniis linearibus viridibus glabris; folia subsessilia opposita,
petiolo 1-2 mm. tantum longo; lamina firme membranacea elliptica
vel elliptico-oblonga 6.5-12 cm. longa 2.5-5.5 cm. lata abrupte
acuminata, acumine anguste triangulari attenuato-acuto, basi acuta
vel interdum abrupte contracta et decurrens, lucida, glabra, supra in
sicco viridis, costa venisque prominentibus, subtus paullo pallidior,
costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 10 angulo
acuto adscendentibus gracillimis prominentibus arcuatis marginem
fere attingentibus, nervulis pallidis prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflo-
rescentia terminalis 1.5-4 cm. longe pedunculata capitata erecta,
pedunculo gracili hispidulo vel glabrato, capitulo dense paucifloro e
capitulis secundariis 3 composite, capitulis lateralibus usque ad
2 mm. longe pedunculatis, bracteis exterioribus lanceolatis ut videtur
viridibus 10-14 mm. longis attenuatis breviter pilosulis patentibus,
floribus sessilibus congestis; hypanthium late obovoideum c. 1 mm.
longum glabrum, calyce 0.3 mm. longo glabro remote inaequaliter
denticulate; corolla extus hispidula, tubo gracili 5 mm. longo, lobis
patentibus oblongis intus prope basin hispidulis vix 2 mm. longis
obtusis; antherae exsertae anguste oblongae 1.5 mm. longae. Peru:

378 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Tarapoto, Dept. San Martin, alt. 750 m., December 9, 1929, Llewelyn
Williams 5888 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 614,224, type); December,
1929, Williams 5867, 6497.

Related to P. bahiensis Muell. Arg. and P. flavicans Muell. Arg.,
both of which are Brazilian. In those species the inflorescence is
recurved or nodding rather than erect.

Psychotria nudiceps, sp. nov. Frutex metralis fere omnino
glaber, ramulis gracilibus fuscis vel olivaceis subteretibus vel novellis
in sicco subcompressis glabris, internodiis elongatis; stipulae erectae
subadpressae persistentes in vaginam glabram utroque latere brevis-
sime mucronatam vel subtruncatam connatae; folia breviter petiolata
opposita, petiolo gracili c. 1 cm. longo; lamina membranacea oblonga
vel elliptico-oblonga 9-19.5 cm. longa 3-6.5 cm. lata abrupte breviter
acuminata, acumine anguste triangulari attenuate acuto, basin versus
longiuscule angustata vel interdum abrupte contracta et longe
decurrens, glabra, supra viridis, costa yenisque prominulis, subtus
vix pallidior, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
c. 12 angulo lato divergentibus gracillimis prominulis fere rectis vel
leviter curvis prope marginem conjunctis, nervulis prominulis arete
reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis capitata sessilis vel rare 1 cm.
longe pedunculata, capitulis solitariis simplicibus dense multifloris
c. 1 cm. latis, flpribus arete sessilibus, bracteis ad basin capitulorum
nullis vel minutissimis; hypanthium late obconicum glabrum 0.7 mm.
longum, calyce late campanulato truncate c. 1 mm. longo glabro;
corolla lutea extus glabra in alabastro anguste ovoidea acutiuscula,
tubo late cylindraceo 2.5 mm. longo supra non dilatato in fauce
dense albo-barbato, lobis 5 triangulari-oblongis patentibus vel sub-
reflexis tubo paullo brevioribus acutiusculis intus glabris; antherae
lineares 1.5 mm. longae subexsertae. Peru: Tarapoto, Dept. San
Martin, alt. 360-900 m., February 21, 1930, Llewelyn Williams 6600
(Herb. Field Mus. No. 614,571, type). Punchana, near Iquitos,
120 m., October, 1929, Williams 3775. Mishuyacu, near Iquitos,
Dept. Loreto, 100 m., in forest, October-November, 1929, King
278, 306.

The plant here described appears to be an exceptionally distinct
Psychotria, easily separable from any other recorded from Peru.
The foliage is closely similar to that of P. Albert-Smithii Standl., but
in that the heads are compound, and the flowers differ in several
details of structure.

Psychotria Dusenii, sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor omnino glabra,
ramulis gracilibus subteretibus olivaceis, internodiis plerumque
1.5-2.5 cm. longis; stipulae persistentes virides in vaginam truncatam
1.5 mm. longam connatae, vagina in lacinias 4 lineari-subulatas
1.2 mm. longas erectas remotas desinente; folia longiuscule petiolata
opposita, petiolo gracili 8r-18 mm. longo; lamina crasse membranacea
sublucida oblongo-elliptica vel ovato-elliptica 4.5-7.5 cm. longa

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 379

1.7-3.3 cm. lata subabrupte et longiuscule acuminata, acumine
angusto attenuate obtuso, basi acuta, cpsta venisque supra pro-
minulis, subtus paullo pallidior, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 9 angulo latiusculo adscendentibus gracillimis pro-
minulis arcuatis prope marginem conjunctis, nervis tenuionbus
gracillimis inter primaries interpositis et eis subparallelis; inflores-
centia terminalis sessilis et basi foliis 2 reductis fulcrata vel basi
nuda et 2.5 cm. longe pedunculata, cymoso-corymbosa, basi tri-
chotoma, 3^5 cm. longa et 3.5-5.5 cm. lata, laxa, pauciflora, ramis
primariis trifloris, flore centrali sessili, lateralibus graciliter 3-14 mm.
longe pedicellatis, bracteis subulatis persistentibus 2-5 mm. longis;
hypanthium anguste obovoideum 1.5 mm. longum; calyx tubulpso-
infundibuliformis 7-13 mm. longus supra paullo dilatatus, lobis 3
late ovali-oyatis obtusis interdum apiculatis tubo c. duplo brevioribus,
calyce in sicco purpurascente; corolla caerulea anguste infundibuli-
formis, tubo 15 mm. longo supra sensim dilatato ore 4 mm. lato,
lobis 5 triangulari-ovatis acutis 6 mm. longis adscendentibus intus
glabris; stamina tubo multo breviora, antheris 2.5 mm. longis;
fructus pvoideus 7 mm. longus 5 mm. latus, pyrenis 2 dorso obtuse
5-costatis, facie interiore planis. Brazil (State of Parana) : Serra do
Mar, Monte Alegre, in silva primaeva, alt. 1,000 m., February 8,
1904, P. Dus6n 3^97 (Stockholm herb., type). Serra do Mar,
Maramby, in silva primaeva, 900 m., February, 1904, Dusen 3701
(S). Caiguava, in silva primaeva, 1,200 m., November, 1909, Dusin
8965 (S).

Psychotria Dusenii appears to be an unusually distinct species,
referable to Mueller's subgenus Solenocalyx, and perhaps related to
P. fluminensis Veil. From all the species of that group it differs in
the 3-lobed calyx, and in the arrangement of the inflorescence,
which consists of three 3-flowered cymes.

Psychotria pycnantha, nom. nov. Mapouria brachypoda Muell.
Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 B : 422. 1888, non P. brachypoda St. Lag.

Psychotria Hayatae, nom. nov. P. macrophytta Hayata, Icon.
PI. Formos. 9: 62. 1920, non R. & P., 1799.

Palicourea guianensis Aubl. PL Guian. 1: 173. pi. 66. 1775.

When the account of the Rubiaceae was prepared for the writer's
Trees and Shrubs of Mexico, no Mexican specimens of this widespread
species had been seen. Two collections have been examined recently :
Mexico: In umbrosis prope Atasta, Tabasco, July, 1889, J. N.
Rovirosa 535 (Herb. Kew.). Cordillera of Oaxaca, June, 1840, H.
Galeotti 2640 (Herb. Paris).

Palicourea albiflora Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7 118. 1930.

A second collection for this species may be placed on record:

380 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Colombia: La Ceja, forest of Quindio, Prov. Mariquita, 3,000 m.,
1851-57, J. Triana 1674 (Herb. Paris).

Palicourea caprifoliacea Wernham, Journ. Bot. 55: 340. 1917.

The type is Linden 1080, the definite locality of which has not
been published heretofore. According to a specimen in the Paris
herbarium, the data are the following: Colombia: Quindio, Prov.
Mariquita, alt. 1,200 toises, February, 1843, J. Linden 1080.

Palicourea lyristipula Wernham, Journ. Bot. 55: 339. 1917.

The species was based on Linden 1081, the exact locality of which
was not known. According to a specimen in the Paris herbarium,
the data are as follows: Colombia: Quindio, alt. 1,300 toises, J.
Linden 1081. Flowers bright yellow.

Palicourea stenoclada (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria
stenoclada Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 5 : 254. 1881.

The type is Poeppig 2578 from Ega, Brazil. It is well matched
by the following collection: Brazil: Marary, Rio Jurua, Amazonas,
September, 1900, E. Ule 5127a (Herb. Berol., a fragm. in Herb. Field
Mus.; Herb. Kew.); a shrub 3 m. high, the slender branches pendent;
corolla at first pinkish white, becoming bright violet; calyx and
rachis orange.

Palicourea corymbifera (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria
corymbifera Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 8 : 247. pi. 35. 1881.

The species has been known only from the upper Amazon in
Brazil and from southern Venezuela. It may be reported now from
Peru, and two recent Brazilian collections may be recorded:

Peru: Mishuyacu, Dept. Loreto, 100 m., in forest, in 1930, G.
Klug 1311; a shrub 2 m. high; flowers violet. Brazil: Manaos,
State of Amazonas, 25 m., in dense forest, October, 1929, Killip &
Smith 301^1, 30104; a tree 4.5-7.5 m. high; branches of inflores-
cence and calyx bright yellow; corolla red.

Palicourea fulgens (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria
fulgens Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 8 : 257. 1881.

Palicourea coriacea (Cham.) Schum. in E. & P. Nat. Pfl.
4 4 : 115. 1891. Patabea coriacea Cham. Linnaea 9: 234. 1835. Psycho-
tria xanthophylla Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 5 : 255. 1881.

In addition to the few collections of this well-marked species cited
in the Flora Brasiliensis, there may be listed the following specimens:

Brazil: Amada Chapada, Matto Grosso, in 1902, A. Robert 670
(Herb. Berol.). Rio Pardo, in 1826, Riedel 571 (U. S. Nat. Herb.).

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 381

Proy. Minas Geraes, 181&-21, Auguste de Saint- Hilaire 513 (Herb.
Paris). Minas Geraes, in 1838, Claussen 665 (Herb. Paris). Goyaz,
in 1844, Weddell 2631 (Herb. Paris).

Palicourea lanata (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria lanata
Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 5 : 249. 1881.

The species was based on Spruce 1148 from Barra. The collector's
notes (probably not available to Mueller) are as follows: Open sandy
places in forest, December, 1850; shrub of 2-4 ft., slender, subsimple;
corolla white, but velvety with crimson submoniliform hairs; a very
pretty plant, but much eaten by insects. Several additional col-
lections of the species may be reported :

Brazil: Manaos, December, 1874, Traill 427 (Herb. Kew., Herb.
Paris); a shrub 1 m. high; perianth carmine, yellow-tipped, the
anthers white, the style yellow. Cultivated at Rio de Janeiro,
Glaziou 9894 (Herb. Kew.). Environs de Manaos, in 1906, M. Labroy
(Herb. Paris). Igaripe Tarauma, Rio Negro, west of Manaos, D. T.
Gwynne Vaughan 18 (Herb. Kew.); a small tree 3.5-6 m. high;
flowers deep red; leaves tough and leathery.

Palicourea rigida HBK., var. aurata (Mart.), comb. nov.
Palicourea aurata Mart. Reise 1 : 544. 1823. Psychotria rigida Willd.
var. aurata Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 8 : 231. 1881.

Palicourea subaeneo-fusca (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psycho-
tria subaeneo-fusca Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 s : 464. 1881.

Palicourea rudgeoides (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria
rudgeoides Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 6 : 463. 1881.

Palicourea pachypodina (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria
pachypodina Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 6 : 463. 1888.

Rudgea caribaea Benth. Linnaea 23: 460. 1850.

Neither the genus nor the species is reported from the Virgin
Islands in Britton and Wilson's Descriptive Flora of Porto Rico and
the Virgin Islands. In the Paris herbarium, however, there is a speci-
men of this species labeled as having been collected on St. Thomas
in 1841 by Finlay (No. 73).

Rudgea marginata Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 154. 1930.

Locality data may now be reported for one of the collections cited
with the description of this species: Colombia: Ibague*, Prov. Mari-
quita, 1,300 m., Triana 1687 (Herb. Paris). An additional specimen
also may be cited: Colombia: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, 900 m.,
July, 1926, Arnold Schultze 447 (Herb. Berol.); a characteristic plant
along the ascent from Santa Marta to Cincinnati, at 800-1,000 m. ;
a shrub up to 3 m. high; inflorescence yellowish white; flowers white,
fragrant.

382 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Rudgea fimbriata (Benth.) Standl. in Standl. & Cald. Lista
PI. Salv. 274. 1925. Psychotria fimbriata Benth. in Hook. Journ.
Bot. 3:226. 1841.

In the enumeration of the Rubiaceae of Colombia only, two col-
lections of the species were cited, both without definite locality data.
The place of collection of one of the numbers listed may now be
supplied: Colombia: Anapoima, Prov. Bogotd, 700 m., Triana 1692
(Herb. Paris).

Only two collections of the species have been reported from
Ecuador, both from El Recreo. Two others may now be placed on
record: Ecuador: Guayabamba, March, 1877, M. Vidal-Senege (Herb.
Paris). San Carlos, Vidal-Senege (Herb. Paris).

Rudgea loretensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 230. 1930.

Described from the Department of Loreto, Peru, this species
may be reported now from Amazonian Brazil: Jurud Miry, Rio
Jurua, July, 1901, Ule 5672 (Herb. Berol., Herb. Kew.); a shrub
1-5 m. high ; flowers white.

Rudgea microcarpa (R. & P.), comb. nov. Coffea microcarpa
R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 66. pi. 218. 1799.

There is in the herbarium of Field Museum a photograph and
fragment of a specimen in the Berlin herbarium which, presumably,
is authentic material of Coffea microcarpa R. & P. It was collected
in 1787 by Ruiz "in Peruviae Andium nemoribus ad Patasaria," the
type locality. The specimens cited below agree with the type, and
are 'clearly referable to the genus Rudgea.

Peru: Soledad, Lower Itaya, Dept. Loreto, 110 m., Tessmann
5311 (Herb. Berol.); a shrub 3 m. high, the trunk 5 cm. in diameter;
corolla mostly white. Soledad, in dense forest, Killip & Smith
29695; a shrub 3-4.5 m. high. Yurimaguas, Dept. Loreto, 135 m.,
in dense forest, Killip & Smith 27989; a shrub; fruit pure white.
Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, Loreto, in forest, Killip &
Smith 28078. Yurimaguas, in forest, a small shrub, Williams 4534.

Rudgea hispidula Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 226. 1930.

Only the single type collection was reported when this species
was published, but there may be recorded now the following addi-
tional specimens, previously overlooked or only recently received:

Peru: Puerto Arturo, lower Rio Huallaga, Dept. Loreto, 155-
210 m., a shrub in forest, November, 1929, Williams 5050. Santa
Rosa, Yurimaguas, lower Rio Huallaga, November, 1929, a shrub in
or at the edge of forest, Williams 4863, 4753. Sapote Yacu, Santa
Rosa, November, 1929, a shrub in forest, Williams 4870. Yurima-

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 383

guas, lower Rio Huallaga, November, 1929, a small shrub in forest,
Williams 4668. Yurimaguas, in forest, a shrub 1-1.5 m. high, the
fruit white, KiUip & Smith 27644, 27632.

Rudgea villiflora Schum. in herb., sp. nov. Frutex, ramulis
crassis subteretibus ochraceis, novellis dense pilis longis pallidis
villoso-pilosis, internodiis vulgo folia aequantibus vel paullo brevi-
oribus; stipulae magnae deciduae c. 12 mm. longae late oblongae
pallidae dense subadpresso-hirsutae, dorso prope apicem ut quoque
ad basin setis numerosis rigidis 3-5 mm. longis instructae; folia
brevissime petiolata opposita, petiolo crasso 4-8 mm. longo hirsute;
lamina coriacea oblonga, obovato-oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, rarius
anguste oblanceolato-oblonga, 5.5-12.5 cm. longa, 2-5.5 cm. lata,
acuta vel obtusa, basi rptundata, rare versus basin acutam sensim
angustata, supra luteo-viridis vel cinerascens, glabra, costa venisque
non elevatis, subtus multo pallidior, minute denseque puncticulata,
ubique pilis gracillimis pallidis hirsuta vel serius glabrata, costa
gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 11 angulo lato
abeuntibus gracilibus prominulis remote a margine conjunctis, nervu-
lis obscuris; inflorescentia terminalis cymoso-paniculata saepe corym-
biformis 2-6 cm. longa 2-10 cm. lata dense multiflpra, interdum
condensata, 2.5-5 cm. longe pedunculata, ramis basalibus oppositis
vel verticillatis patentibus usque ad 2.5 cm. longis, dense villpso-
hirsutis, bracteis filiformibus villosis usque ad 6 mm. longis, floribus
dense cpngestis sessilibus vel subsessilibus; hypanthium obovoideum
dense villosum; caly^c 5-partitus, laciniis anguste lineari-attenuatis
4-5 mm. longis extus longe villosis; corolla extus pilis longissimis
pallidis multicellularibus villosa, tubo gracili c. 3 cm. longo supra
sensim dilatato ore 4 mm. lato, lobis linearibus vel anguste lanceo-
latis 5-6 mm. longis attenuatis intus glabris; stamina fere 1 cm.
longe exserta, antheris oblongis 2.5 mm. longis; fructus ovali-globosus
7-8 mm. longus sparse villoso-hirsutus apice subtruncatus, pyrenis
2 dorso obtuse grosseque 5-costatis, facie interiore planis. Brazil:
Sao Francisco, Santa Catharina, in forest, October, 1884, Ernst Vie
358 (Herb. Berol., type; photograph and fragment in herb. Field
Mus., No. 607,286). Inter Alexandra et Serra da Prata, Parana, in
silva primaeva, August, 1910, Dusin 10156 (Stockholm herb.).
Guaratuba, Parand, in silvula, December, 1911, Dustn 13795 (S).
Alexandra, Parand, in silva primaeva, May, 1909, Duskn 8102 (S);
December, 1909, Dus6n 8673 (S). Santos, in silva litorali subhumida,
in 1875, H. Mos6n 3181 (S).

In Mueller's key to the species of Rudgea in the Flora Brasiliensis
this plant runs at once to R. magnoliaefolia (Cham.) Muell., but in
that the leaves and branches are glabrous.

Rudgea parquioides (Cham.) Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 450. 1876.
Coffea parquioides Cham. Linnaea 9: 224. 1834.

The species appears to be rather common in southern Brazil, and

384 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

it extends to Paraguay and even to Argentina. The following are
some of the specimens examined recently:

Brazil: Desvio Ribas, Parana, border of forest, Dusen 1148a.
Jaguariahyva, Parana, in forest, Dusen 10599. Pinhaes, Parana,
885 m., Dusen 13351 (Herb. Stockholm). Itaparussu, Parana, 880 m.,
Diisen 7102 (S). Hamburgerberg, Rio Grande do Sul, in silva
primaeva minus densa, Malme 216 (S); a shrub 2-3 m. high, sparsely
branched. Neu-Wiirttemberg, Rio Grande do Sul, 550 m., in forest,
Bornmuller 338 (Herb. Berol.). Paraguay: In regione fluminis Alto
Parana, Fiebrig 5414 (Herb. Kew., Herb. Paris). Argentina: Misio-
nes, in distr. urb. Posadas, praecipue in vicin. coloniae Bonpland,
Lillieskold (S).

Rudgea celastrinea Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 450. 1876.

Brazil : Caldas, MinasGeraes, November, 1854, RegnellIII.111**
(Herb. Berol., probably type collection). Without locality, Burchell
3066 (Herb. Paris). Rio de Janeiro, Miers 3905 (Herb. Paris).

Mitracarpus rigidif olius, sp. nov. Suffrutescens perennis, cauli-
bus erectis ramosis teretibus vel subangulatis ferrugineis rigidis
glabris, internodiis plerumque foliis brevioribus; vagina stipularis
2.5-3 mm. longa adpressa ferruginea glabra, margine truncate setis
paucis subulatis erectis 1-2 mm. longis onusto; folia sessilia opposita
et in axillis fasciculata anguste linearia vel interdum lineari-oblonga
glabra 1.5-3.5 cm. longa vulgo 1-1.6 mm. lata glaucescentia supra
minutissime puncticulata acuminata basin versus paullo angustata
crassa et rigida, marginibus valde revolutis; flores capitati, capitulis
terminalibus solitariis longipedunculatis 10-13 mm. diam., densissime
multifloris, basi bracteis 4 vel pluribus foliis conformibus et aequi-
longis fulcratis, bracteis reflexis, floribus arete sessilibus, bracteolis
filiformibus calycem aequantibus glabris; hypanthium obovoideum
vix 1 mm. longum glabrum basi cuneatum; sepala alte connata,
majoribus 1.7-2.2 mm. longis erectis viridibus triangulari-subulatis
rigidis acuminatis, minoribus 2 hyalinis plus quam duplo brevioribus;
corolla extus minutissime obscure puberula, tubo cylindraceo cras-
siusculo 3-4 mm. longo supra non dilatato, lobis 4 ovato-ovalibus
fere 1 mm. longis patentibus obtusis intus puberulis; antherae
oblongae subexsertae; stylus corollam aequans glaber breviter bifidus;
capsula late obovoidea c. 2.5 mm. longa glabra paullo infra medium
circumscissa, seminibus late obovoideis ventre leviter excavatis.
Brazil: Serra do Sao Ignacio, Estado de Bahia, February, 1907,
E. Ule 7559 (Herb. Kew., type).

Apparently conspecific, although with somewhat broader leaves,
is Ule 7481, from Serra Branca, Piauhy, collected in January, 1907
(Herb. Kew.). Related to Mitracarpus Lhotzkyanus Cham., but dis-
tinguishable at a glance by the very narrow and rigid leaves.

Mitracarpus recurvatus, sp. nov. Fruticulus ramosus subpul-
vinatus, ramis crassissimis usque ad 10 cm. longis paucis densissime

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 385

foliatis subtetragonis ferrugineis vel fuscis hispidulis, internodiis
validissime abbreviatis; vagina stipularis brevissima setis c. 3 rigidis
pallidis erectis glabris longioribus onusta; folia densissime conferta
opposita sessilia acerosa e basi angusta sensim attenuata recurva,
3-5 mm. longa, prope basin 1 mm. lata, utrinque densiuscule setoso-
hispidula, 1-nervia, costa subtus prominente crassa pallida, margini-
bus valde incrassatis pallidis; flores ex foliis superioribus pauci
solitarii vel glomerati sessiles vel brevissime pedicellati, bracteolis
filiformibus pallidis glabris flores aequantibus; hypanthium dense
albo-villosulum obovoideum; sepala 4 basi connata viridia 1-1.5 mm.
longa subinaequalia lanceolata rigida erecta attenuata albo-marginata
villosulo-ciliata; corolla extus glabra vel obscure puberula calycem
vix superans, tubo anguste cylindraceo fere 2 mm. longo supra non
dilatato, lobis 4 subrotundatis c. 0.7 mm. longis patentibus intus
puberulis; capsula c. 1.5 mm. longa villosula prope medium circum-
scissa. Brazil: Goyaz (?), A.Glaziou 21511 (Herb. Kew., type).

The material available for study, although complete, is not ample,
and the plants are so far past flowering that it is difficult to determine
satisfactorily the characters of the inflorescence. There is no doubt,
however, that the plant is a Mitracarpus, referable to Schumann's
subgenus Mitrathamnus, and that it is altogether different from any
species known heretofore from Brazil.

Mitracarpus anthospermoides Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 6 :
86. 1888.

Schumann cited a single collection for this species, Blanchet 1867,
from Bahia. A photograph of the type is in the herbarium of Field
Museum. One additional collection has come to the writer's atten-
tion: Brazil: Ilheos, Moricand 1867 (Herb. Kew.).

Staelia scabra (Presl), comb. nov. Diphragmus scaber Presl,
Bot. Bemerk. 81. 1844. Spermacoce asperifolia Mart. & Gal. Bull.
Acad. Brux. II 1 : 132. 1844. Borreria asperifolia Robinson, Proc.
Amer. Acad. 45: 409. 1910.

Mexico: Acapulco, in 1895, Palmer 258. Imala, in 1891, Palmer
1734. Colima, in 1891, Palmer 937 (Herb. Kew.).

The genus Staelia is a small one, which heretofore has been
supposed to be confined to central and southern South America.
This Mexican plant, however, apparently should be referred to
Staelia. In most species of the genus the central partition of the
fruit is persistent, the cells separating from it and circumscissile
obliquely near the base. In the Mexican plant the cells seem not
to be circumscissile, but they separate from the partition, leaving
it as a conspicuous object among the persistent bracts.

Staelia filifolia Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 4: 209. 1895.

386 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

One additional collection of the species has been examined recently :
Bolivia: Misiones Guarayos-Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Dept. Santa
Cruz, 300 m., Werdermann 2605 (Herb. Stockholm).

Staelia Hassleri, nom. nov. S. filifolia Chod. & Hassl. Bull.
Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 190. 1904, non Rusby, 1895.

Richardia tricocca (T. & G.), comb. nov. Diodia tricocca
T. & G. Fl. N. Amer. 2: 30. 1841. Diodia tetracocca Hemsl. Biol.
Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 56. 1881. Crusea allococca Gray, Proc. Amer.
Acad. 19: 78. 1883. Richardsonia tricocca Schum. ex Loes. Repert.
Sp. Nov. 18: 362. 1922. Richardsonia tetracocca Schum. ex Loes.,
loc. cit.

As Gray long ago pointed out, the plants named Diodia tricocca
and D. tetracocca are to be considered as mere variants of the same
species.

Richardia rigidifolia (Krause), comb. nov. Richardsonia rigidi-
folia Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 8: 103. 1922.

The type is Weberbauer 5502 from Ayacucho, Peru. Clearly
conspecific is the following additional collection: Peru: Mountains
east of Palca, Prov. Tarma, Dept. Junin, 2,700-3,000 m., February,
1903, Weberbauer 2437 (Herb. Berol.). Corolla white with purplish
tips.

Richardia lomensis (Krause), comb. nov. Richardsonia lomensis
Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 348. 1908.

Richardia pedicellata (Schum.), comb. nov. Richardsonia
pedicellata Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 6 : 97. 1888.

A photograph of the type, collected near Itu, Sao Paulo, by
Langsdorff and Riedel, is in the herbarium of Field Museum. It is
perhaps worth while to record the following additional collections of
this comparatively rare species:

Brazil (State of Parana) : Jaguariahyva, in campo, 740 m., Dusen
10718 (Stockholm herb.), 10721 (S), 13178 (S). Ponta Grossa, in
campo, Dusen 10358 (S). Itarare", in campo, Dusen 10992 (S).
Capao Grande, in campo, April 14, 1909, Dusen (S). Capao Bonito,
in campo, Dusen 16914 (S). Lago, in campo, Dusen 2589 (S).
Paraguay: Cordillera de Villa Rica, Hassler 8775 (F, a fragment
from Herb. Berol.).

Diodia subulata (DC.), comb. nov. Borreria subulatd DC.
Prodr. 4: 543. 1830. Crusea subulata Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19:
78. 1883.

As already pointed out by Schumann (in E. & P. Nat. Pflanzen-
fam. 4 4 : 142. 1897), this plant should be referred to the genus Diodia,

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 387

rather than to Crusea, where it has been placed by most American
writers.

Diodia rosmarinifolia Pohl ex DC. Prodr. 4: 564. 1830.

This species is known from Brazil and Venezuela. In most
characters it resembles closely Diodia teres Walt., so closely, in fact,
that it is questionable whether it is more than a variety of that
widespread species. It is distinguished chiefly by having the fruit
glabrous or almost so, but in D. teres the pubescence of the
fruit varies notably.

The following Central American collection, apparently referable
here, represents a great extension of range: Guatemala: Praderas
aridas de Guatemala, 1,400 m., July, 1921, A. Tonduz 614 (Herb.
Berol.). The Guatemalan plants are noteworthy in having corollas
as much as 9 mm. long.

Diodia cyniosa Cham. Linnaea 9: 217. 1834.

The species was based upon Sello 5336, represented in the her-
barium of Field Museum by a photograph and fragment from the
Berlin herbarium. The specimen was collected somewhere in southern
Brazil, but without definite locality data. The following collection
gives at least one definite locality for the plant: Brazil: Calmon,
State of Parana, March 15, 1910, Dusen 9269 (Stockholm herb.).

Diodia paradoxa Cham. Linnaea 9: 216. 1834.

Numerous specimens of the species have been cited from Brazil,
but it may be worth while to report the following collection from
Argentina: Misiones, in distr. urb. Posadas, praecipue in vicin.
coloniae Bonpland, W. Lillieskold (F, Herb. Stockholm).

Diodia macrophylla Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 6 : 401. 1889.

The only collection reported for this species by Schumann was
the type, Gardner 8243, from Goyaz, a photograph of which is in the
herbarium of Field Museum. The following additional specimens
have been seen by the writer: Brazil: Without locality, Burchell
6484 (Herb. Kew.), 8580 (Herb. Kew.), 7813 (Herb. Kew.). Nativi-
dade, Goyaz, in open sandy places, November, 1839, Gardner 3241
(Herb. Kew.); December, 1839, Gardner 3242 (Herb. Kew.). Para-
guay: Y-aca, Hassler 6714-

Diodia brasiliensis Spreng., var. microphylla (C. & S.), comb,
nov. D. polymorpha C. & S., var. microphylla C. & S. Linnaea 3:
345. 1828.

388 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

The following collection, obtained well outside the usual range of
the plant, is worthy of record: Argentina: Misiones, in distr. urb.
Posadas, praecipue in vicin. coloniae Bonpland, W. Lillieskold (Herb.
Stockholm).

Borreria ocimoides (Burm.) DC. Prodr. 4: 544. 1830. Sperma-
coce ocimoides Burm. Fl. Ind. 34. pi. 13, f. 1. 1768. S. Pringlei Wats.
Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 152. 1890.

The type of Spermacoce Pringlei is Pringle 2464 from Guadala-
jara, Mexico. The plant is evidently Borreria ocimoides. The leaves
of the type material are broader than is usual in that species, but they
are matched by the foliage of many southern specimens.

Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) Schum. Although one of the common
weedy species of the lowlands of many parts of tropical America,
and frequent in southern Central America, this plant is not plentiful
in northern Central America, and I do not know that it is recorded
from Mexico or from British Honduras. It may, however, be
reported now from the latter country: British Honduras: In open
places, All Pines, at sea level, September, 1930, W. A. Schipp 656.
The collector states that the plant is employed locally for treating
snake bites, for which it can scarcely be a very dependable remedy.

Borreria Brittonii, nom. nov. B. saxicola Britt. & Millsp.
Bahama Fl. 422. 1920, not Krause, 1908.

Borreria alata (Aubl.) DC. Prodr. 4: 544. 1830. Spermacoce
alata Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 60. pi. 22, f. 7. 1775.

In the Flora Brasiliensis Schumann reports this species only from
the Guianas, but it has a much wider range, as proved by the follow-
ing specimens: Peru: Rio Itaya, Williams 139. Caballo Cocha,
Dept. Loreto, in forest, Williams 2033. Near Iquitos, Dept. Loreto,
a weed in pasture, Williams 1487. Brazil: State of Matto Grosso,
Cuyaba, Malme 3186 (Herb. Stockholm).

Borreria densiflora DC. Prodr. 4: 542. 1830.

This species, which is fairly common in northern South America
and ranges as far southward as Argentina, seems to be rare in Brazil.
Schumann listed it only in the addenda of the Rubiaceae of the Flora
Brasiliensis, citing a single collection from Ceara. It is, therefore,
worth while to report the following additional records: Brazil:
Near Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, November, 1901, Malme (Herb.
Stockholm). Livramento in caatinga, Ceara, March, 1910, Lofgren
174 (Herb. Stockholm).

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 389

Borreria Balansae, sp. nov. Herba perennis e radice lignosa
crassa, caulibus erectis vel adscendentibus gracilibus simplicibus vel
parce ramosis glabris plus minusve angulatis, angulis interdum angus-
tissime alatis, internodiis saepe foliis paullo longioribus; stipulae
virides breviter connatae, vagina vix 1 mm. longa seta 1 erecta glabra
1-2 mm. longa onusta, setis brevioribus vel brevissimis 2 vel pluribus
adjectis; folia opppsita subsessilia vel brevissime petiolata crasse
membranacea in sicco luteo-viridia, petiolo lato marginato glabro
1-2 mm. longo; lamina lanceolato-oblonga, ovata vel oblongo-ellip-
tica, 10-23 mm. longa, 5-8 mm. lata, acuta vel pbtusiuscula, basi
acuta, supra glabra vel prope marginem sparsissime scaberula,
eneryia, subtus paullo pallidior, glabra, costa gracillima prominente,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere 2-3 angulo acutissimp adscendenti-
bus obscuris, nervulis obsoletis; flores capitati, capitulis dense multi-
floris depresso-globpsis 10-13 mm. latis basi bracteis 2 foliaceis foliis
caulinis paullo brevioribus fulcratis, floribus arete sessilibus, bracteolis
lineari-subulatis calyce multo brevioribus; hypanthium turbinatum
glabrum 2 mm. longum basi acutum; calyx 4-partitus glaber, laciniis
3-4 mm. longis erectis viridibus lineari-oblongis attenuatis acumi-
natis; corolla caerulea extus glabra 6-7 mm. longa infundibuliformis
fere ad medium 4-loba, lobis suberectis triangulari-ovatis obtusis;
antherae breviter exsertae; stigma capitatum. Paraguay: Prairies
de Pastoreo-mi(?), a 1'Est de la Cordillere de Villa- Rica, September
24, 1874, B. Balansa 1763 (Herb. Kew., type).

Because of the yellow-green tint assumed by the foliage when
dried, and on account of the blue color of the corolla, this plant,
if it really is a Borreria, is allied with such species as B. latifolia
(Aubl.) Schum. andB. poaya (St. Hil.) DC. From those well-known
plants it differs conspicuously in its perennial root and wholly
terminal flower heads. The fruit of the single sheet seen is quite
immature, and it is impossible to determine its exact nature, but it is
improbable that the plant is a Mitracarpus, and still less probable
that it is a species of Diodia.

Borreria vulpina, sp. nov. Herba annua erecta c. 8 cm. alta
ramosa, ramis gracilibus ferrugineis dense fulvo-pilosis, internodiis
foliis subaequalibus; vagina stipularis tenuis lata c. 2 mm. longa
dense pilosa, margine setis numerosis erectis rufescentibus glabris
&-5 mm. longis onusto; folia breviter petiolata membranacea oppo-
sita, petiolo lato basi paullo dilatato 1-2 mm. longo piloso; lamina
anguste elliptico-oblonga vel anguste oblongo-lanceplata 12-25 mm.
longa 5-7 mm. lata basi et apice acuta, utrinque pilis longis rigidius-
culis fulvis vel rufescentibus patentibus vel subadpressis densiuscule
pilosa, in sicco pallide viridis, costa gracili rufescente subtus promi-
nente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 3-4 angulo acutissimo adscen-
dentibus gracillimis prominentibus, interdum fere trinervia, margini-
bus planis; flores in capitula terminalia Ipnge pedunculata congesti
arete sessiles, capitulis densissime multifloris 7-8 mm. latis, basi brae-

390 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

teis 4 breviter connatis foliis conformibus fulcratis, bracteolis linearibus
vel fere filiformibus calycem aequantibus; hypanthium lineari-
clavatum glabrum 1.5-1.8 mm. longum ferruginep-lineolatum versus
basin longe attenuatum; calyx 4-partitus, laciniis lineari-attenuatis
1.4-1.7 mm. longis ferrugineo-lineolatis longe ciliatis erectis; corolla
alba, tubo gracili extus glabro fere 3 mm. longo supra non dilatato,
lobis 4 ovalibus obtusis fere 1 mm. longis obtusis extus prope apicem
sparse hispidulis patentibus; antherae breves oblongae exsertae;
stigma capitatum integrum vel brevissime bilobum; capsula oblonga
vel anguste oblonga 2-2.5 mm. longa glabra vel tantum prope apicem
pilosula tenuis pallida, plus minusve ferrugineo-lineolata. Brazil:
Coxipo da Ponte, Cuyaba, March, 1911, F. C. Hoehne 2802 (Herb.
Berol., type).

The generic position of the plant is somewhat uncertain. Its
general aspect, if Rubiaceae of the tribe Spermacoceae may be said
to have a characteristic aspect, suggests the genus Mitracarpus.
The fruits are not fully mature, but there is no suggestion that they
are circumscissile, and this character usually is discernible in plants
of the genus Mitracarpus immediately after anthesis. The fruit has
much thinner walls than is usual in Borreria, but it is difficult to see
how the plant may be referred to any of the related genera. In
Borreria it is unusual because of its abundant, often rufous pubes-
cence, somewhat suggestive of that of Borreria argentea Cham.,
which, however, is a much larger and stouter plant.

Borreria valens, sp. noy. Herba robusta, caulibus simplicibus
40 cm. longis et ultra crassis subteretibus fusco-ferrugineis glabris,
internodiis elongatis sed vulgo foliis brevioribus; vagina stipularis
6-11 mm. longa ferruginea adpressa glabra, margine truncate setis
numerosis glabris erectis 1-1.5 cm. longis oniistp; folia breviter petio-
lata opposita subcoriacea, petiolo lato et marginato glabro usque ad
8 mm. longo; lamina lanceolato-oblonga vel anguste elliptico-oblonga
7-8.5 cm. longa 2-3.5 cm. lata acuta vel breviter acuminata basi
acuta, supra in sicco grisep-viridis glabra vel prope marginem sparse
scaberula, venis profunde impressis, subtus pallidipr, ad venas aculeo-
lato-scaberula, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
c. 6 angulo angustissimo adscendentibus leviter curvis vel fere rectis
valde prominentibus, nervulis obsoletis; flores sessiles capitati, capi-
tulis densissime multifloris terminalibus et ex axillis 1-2 superioribus,
1.5-1.8 cm. diam., capitulo terminali basi bracteis 4 foliis conformibus
et aequilongis basi brevissime connatis fulcrata, bracteolis filiformibus
calycem fere aequantibus sparse yillosulis; hypanthium pbovoideum
1.5 mm. longum prope apicem villosulum; calyx 4-partitus, laciniis
1-1.5 mm. longis erectis rigidiusculis lineari-subulatis viridibus sparse
minute pilosulis; corolla extus glabra late infundibuliformis 2.5-3
mm. longa fere ad medium 4-loba, lobis ovato-triangularibus acutius-
culis intus glabris; stamina exserta; stigma capitatum; capsula
oblonga 2.5 mm. longa prope apicem sparse villosula tenuis, saepe

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 391

sparse ferrugineo-lineolata; semina matura non visa. Brazil: Rio
Claro, Minas Geraes, June, 1840, Gardner 474-4 (Herb. Kew., type).

I have not been able to find ripened seeds with either of the two
sheets examined, but it is probable that they are transversely sulcate,
and that the plant is related, therefore, to Borreria laevis (Lam.)
Griseb., a common tropical weed, which it much resembles in general
appearance. B. laevis, however, is usually a much smaller plant,
with decidedly smaller flower heads, and with very short calyx lobes.
Gardner states that B. miens is suffrutescent and sometimes three
feet high.

Borreria clinopodioides, sp. nov. Herbacea ut videtur peren-
nis, caulibus gracilibus ramosis 40-50 cm. longis et ultra viridibus
vel ochraceis, pilis laxis brevibus albidis patentibus vel interdum
subreflexis pilosulis, internodiis foliis multo longioribus; stipulae in
vaginam 2-3 mm. longam subtruncatam pallidam tenuem pilosulam
cpnnatae, vagina setis paucis vel numerosis c. 2 mm. longis erectis
rigidis ferrugineis onusta; folia membranacea petiolata opposita,
petiolo gracili 4-7 mm. longo pilosulo vel puberulo; lamina ovatp-
oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga 3-5.5 cm. longa 1-2 cm. lata acuta basin
versus angustata, interdum abrupte contracta et breviter decurrens,
supra laete viridis densiuscule scaberula vel glabrata, venis mani-
festis sed non elevatis, subtus paullo pallidior, scaberula et ad nervos
breviter hispidula, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utrpque
latere c. 4 angulo acutissimo adscendentibus obliquis gracillimis
prominulis; flores arete sessiles in capitula terminalia densissima
multiflora c. 1.5 cm. lata aggregati, quoque in axillis superioribus
dense aggregati, capitulis bracteis 2-4 foliis conformibus et saepe
aequilongis fulcratis, bracteis basi cupula stipulari flores fere aequante
cpnnexis; calyx 4-partitus, laciniis lineari-subulatis 1.5-2 mm. longis
viridibus erectis glabris vel sparse hispidulis; corolla alba 2.2 mm.
longa infundibuliformis extus glabra vel sparse puberula, lobis brevi-
bus suberectis obtusis; antherae breviter exsertae oblongae; stylus
apice brevissime bilobus; capsula 2-2.3 mm. longa oblongo-pbovoidea
prope basin pallida glabra, supra medium dense albo-villosula.
Brazil : Corumba, State of Matto Grosso, growing in a swamp among
grasses and Cyperaceae, July 21, 1903, G. 0. A. Malme (Herb.
Stockholm, type). Pernambuco, Gravata, July, 1926, Bento Pickel
1123 (Herb. Berol.).

The relationship of the plant seems to be clearly with Borreria
laevis (Lam.) Griseb., which it much resembles in general appearance.
In that common weedy species the flower heads are usually smaller,
and the calyx lobes are much shorter, more or less united, and
generally obtuse. The describing of new species in the already too
confused genus Borreria is not to be commended, but this Brazilian
plant is fairly easy of recognition, and it 'can not be referred satis-
factorily to any of the numerous species already described.

392 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Borreria liliifolia, sp. nov. Herba erecta c. 50 cm. alta valida,
caulibus crassis simplicibus obtuse quadrangulatis fusco-brunneis
dense puberulis yel pilosulis, internodiis folia aequantibus vel longi-
oribus; stipulae in vaginam 2-3 mm. longam dense puberulam con-
natae, vagina setis numerosis pilosulis usque ad 1 cm. longis ferru-
gineis onusta; folia coriacea rigida adscendentia opposite sessilia,
fasciculis foliorum aequilongorum numerosorum in axillis insertis;
lamina anguste lanceolato-oblonga vel oblonga 2-4 cm. longa 7-12
mm. lata acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi cuneato-angustata,
utrinque densissime pilis brevibus patentibus albidis velutino-pilo-
sula, supra in sicco ferruginea, venis subimpressis, subtus paullo
pallidior, costa gracili prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
3-4 angulo angustissimo adscendentibus gracilibus prominulis;
inflorescentia terminalis pedunculata basi bracteata cymoso-corym-
bosa c. 9 cm. longa et 15 cm. lata, dense multiflora, fere ubique
trichotoma, ramis gracilibus rigidis rectis glabris vel ad angulos
minute pilosulis, bracteis lanceolatis vel subulatis patentibus ple-
rumque 2-3 mm. longis, floribus sessilibus vel brevissime pedicellatis;
hypanthium turbinatum 1 mm. longum basi acutum glabrum; calyx
4-partitus, laciniis anguste triangularibus acutis vel acuminatis paullo
inaequalibus 0.7-1 mm. longis erectis; corolla alba 2.5 mm. longa
extus minute pruinoso-puberula ad medium 4-loba, lobis oblongo-
ovatis obtusis intus dense albo-barbatis; stamina corolla breviora,
antheris brevibus late oblongis; stylus corolla multo brevior apice
clavatus et brevissime bilobus. Brazil: Ypiranga, State of Sao
Paulo, December 31, 1911, Alex. Curt Erode 5266 (Herb. Stockholm,
type).

Subgenus Galianthe. Related, probably, to Borreria valerianoides
C. & S., but distinguished by the abundant pubescence of almost
all parts. The leaves, too, are distinctive, the numerous leaves of the
axillary fascicles being as large as the subtending ones, the stems thus
appearing to be furnished with numerous whorls of subequal leaves.

Borreria luteovirens, sp. nov. Herba erecta elata, ut videtur
1 m. alta vel ultra, radice valde incrassata, caulibus fere simpli-
cibus supra sparse ramosis quadrangulatis lutescentibus glabris,
angulis acutiusculis vel marginatis pilis brevibus rigidis retrorsum
aculeolato-hispidulis, internodiis folia subaequantibus; stipulae in
vaginam adpressam 2-4 mm. longam hispidulam connatae, vagina
setis paucis yel numerosis usque ad 1.5 cm. longis glabratis onusta;
folia subcoriacea rigida luteo-yiridia sessilia opposita, fasciculis
foliorum paullo reductorum in axillis saepe insertis; lamina lanceolato-
oblonga vel anguste lanceolata 4-7 cm. longa 1-2 cm. lata longe
sensimque acuminata, basi obtusa vel acutiuscula, supra dense scabra
et aspera, venis profunde impressis, subtus pallidior, densiuscule
hispidula et ad venas pilis aculeoliformibus crassiusculis instructa,
costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 5 valde
eleyatis angulo angustissimo adscendentibus; inflorescentia termi-
nalis cymoso-corymbosa basi foliaceo-bracteata 7-20 cm. longa et

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 393

aequilata, dense multiflora, inferne trichptoma, ramis dichqtomis
crassiusculis ad angulos aculeolato-hispidulis, floribus arete sessilibus,
bracteis lanceolatis vel subulatis plerumque 2-5 mm. longis; hypan-
thium turbinatum 1 mm. longum minute pruinosp-puberulum vel
glabrum basi acutum; calyx 4-partitus, dentibus minutis interjectis,
laciniis anguste triangulari-subulatis 2 mm. (vel usque ad 3 mm.)
longis attenuatis erectis glabris; corolla alba 3-4 mm. longa in ala-
bastro apice late obtusa, glabra vel prope apicem obscure puberula,
ad medium 4-loba, lobis obtusis intus barbatis; stamina exserta,
antheris oblongis 1 mm. longis; stylus breviter exsertus vel inclusus,
stigmate clavato; capsula oblonga vel turbinato-oblonga 4-4.5 mm.
longa glabra basi obtusa vel acutiuscula. Brazil (State of Rio
Grande do Sul): Cachoeira, in palude, January 12, 1902, G. 0. A.
Malme 1060 (Herb. Stockholm, type). Cruz Alta, in palude, January
16, 1902, Malme 1131 (Herb. Stockholm).

This species of the subgenus Galianthe is noteworthy for the
yellowish green color of its dried foliage, its large capsules, and
especially for its short, harsh pubescence, consisting in large part of
recurved, prickle-like hairs.

The collector states that the plant is heterostylous, and the same
condition prevails in other species of the genus. Schumann separated
two groups of the subgenus Galianthe by the nature of the stigma,
whether entire and capitate or clavate, or bifid. Probably this
character is not of specific importance.

Borreria fastigiata (Griseb.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 6 : 68.
1888. Galianthe fastigiata Griseb. Symb. Fl. Argent. 157. 1879.

Brazil (State of Rio Grande do Sul): Cruz Alta, in campis,
praesertim in graminosis, January 15, 1902, Malme 1084 (Herb.
Stockholm); January 16, 1902, Malme (Herb. Stockholm). Pinhal,
prope Santa Maria, in campis, January 27, 1902, Malme (Herb.
Stockholm).

Borreria Chodatiana, sp. nov. B. thalictroides Schum., var.
latifolia Chod. & Hassl. Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 189. 1904.

It may be that this species differs from B. thalictroides only in
the form of its leaves, but these are so distinctive in outline that at
first glance one would never associate the two forms. In this difficult
group of the genus Borreria it is desirable to simplify the work of
identification as much as possible, and for that reason it seems
preferable to accord specific rank to the broad-leaved plant. The
following specimens of B. Chodatiana have been examined :

Paraguay: Sierra de Maracayu, Hassler 5168 (F, type collec-
tion). Brazil (State of Parana): Tamandua, in campo, P. Dusen
10825 (Herb. Stockholm). Curityba, in campo, Dusen 3474 (S),
13384 (S).

394 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

Borreria thalictroides Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 6 : 71. 1888.

The species was based upon Sello 21 7 and 4901 , collected some-
where in southern Brazil. A photograph and fragment of the
former number (from the Berlin herbarium) are in the herbarium
of Field Museum. Conspecific are the following Brazilian collections
in the Stockholm herbarium: Parana: Jaguariahyva, in campo,
November, 1914, Dusen 16033; in campo, alt. 730 m., November,
1910, Dusen 10364.

In the typical form of the species the narrowly linear leaves are
1.5-2 cm. long. Among the Duse"n Brazilian Rubiaceae there are
three specimens of plants which have much longer and relatively
even narrower leaves. The stems are leafy quite to the base of the
inflorescence, while in the typical form the stems are naked above.
I see no other differences between these forms, however, and the
plant with long leaves may be distinguished as a variety:

Borreria thalictroides Schum., var. longifolia, var. nov. A
forma typica non nisi foliis multo longioribus plerumque 3-5 cm.
longis rigidiusculis vix 1 mm. latis differt. Brazil (State of Parana):
Serrinha, in campo, alt. 840 m., December 7, 1908, P. Dusen 7303
(Stockholm herb., type); January 3, 1915, Dusen 16269 (S). Villa
Velha, in campo, 875 m., February 24, 1910, Dusen 9446 (S).

Borreria leiophylla Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 6 : 66. 1888.

Brazil: Cachoeira, Rio Grande do Sul, in campo aprico sat parce
graminoso, February, 1893, Malme 642, 644 (Herb. Stockholm).
Paraguay: Without locality, Bettfreund 972 (Herb. Berol.). In alto-
planitie Yeruti, Hassler 5757 (Herb. Berol.).

Borreria centranthoides C. & S. Linnaea 3: 328. 1828.

Brazil: Quinta prope Rio Grande, State of Rio Grande do Sul,
in fruticeto minus denso, loco arenoso, December, 1892, Malme 402
(Herb. Stockholm).

Borreria equisetoides C. & S. Linnaea 3: 338. 1828.

The species seems to be rare, being represented in the herbarium
of Field Museum only by a specimen of the original collection, ob-
tained by Sello. The plant is a striking one, the fistulose stems,
after the leaf blades have fallen, resembling closely those of the
larger species of Equisetum. One additional collection has come to
hand recently: Brazil: Fazenda Horticola (Schonwald), Rio Pardo,
Rio Grande do Sul, alt. 70 m., January, 1927, C. Jurgens 48 (Herb.
Berol.). Growing in cultivated ground; plants up to 1.8 m. high;
vernacular name, "canellao de viado." The capsules, which are
not described in the Flora Brasiliensis, are oblong or elliptic-oblong,

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 395

2-2.5 mm. long, obtuse at the base, brownish fuscous, and glabrous,
with the triangular or narrowly triangular, very short calyx segments
persistent at the apex.

Borreria mitreoloides, sp. nov. Herba erecta elata usque ad
1 m. alta et ultra ramosa, caulibus crassiusculis obtuse quadrangulati-
glabris vel tantum prope nodos sparse scaberulis, internodiis plerums
que foliis longioribus; stipulae in vaginam puberulam yel scaberu-
lam 2.5-5 mm. longam connatae, vagina setis numerosis 5-15 mm.
longis brunnescentibus scaberulis onusta; folia crasse membranacea
breviter petiolata opposita, petiolo usque ad 1.5 cm. longo interdum
fere nullo minute pilosulo vel glabrato; lamina magna lanceolato-
oblonga vel ovato-lanceolata plerumque 6-10 cm. longa et 2-4 cm.
lata, longe sensimque acuminata, basi acuta, supra laete yiridis,
inter venas scaberula vel fere glabra, venis impressis, subtus discolor,
sparse scaberula, ad nervos vulgo sparse breviterque pilosula, costa
gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 6 obliquis sub-
arcuatis prominentibus gracilibus; inflorescentia terminalis vel inter-
dum quoque axillaris cymoso-corymbosa dense multiflora 4-7 cm.
longa 6-15 cm. lata basi trichotoma, ramis repetite dichotomis dense
multifloris, floribus sessilibus vel brevissime pedicellatis saepe plus
minusye secundis, ramis crassiusculis parce minutissime pilosulis,
bracteis in setas numerosas c. 1 mm. lorigas divisis; hypanthium
obovoideum 0.8 mm. longum basi acutiusculum sparse minute albido-
hirtellum ; calyx 4-partitus, laciniis crassis erectis anguste triangulari-
bus acutis fere glabris 0.8 mm. longis glaucescentibus; corolla extus
glabra in alabastro apice obtusa fere 3 mm. longa ad medium 4-loba,
laciniis late oblongis obtusis intus dense barbatis; stamina breviter
exserta; stylus c. 3.5 mm. longus apice brevissime bilobus, lobis
ellipticis obtusis; capsula late oblonga vel obovoidea 2-2.5 mm. longa
basi obtusa sparse scaberula. Brazil (State of Matto Grosso) : Serra
da Chapada, in silva sat clara, June 2, 1903, G. 0. A. Malme (Herb.
Stockholm, type). Arica prope Cuyaba, May 8, 1903, Malme 3275
(Herb. Stockholm).

Evidently a relative of B. valerianoides C. & S., but the inflores-
cence in the latter is altogether different in arrangement. In that
species, moreover, the leaves are much narrower and the calyx
segments longer and narrower.

Relbunium ovale (R. & P.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 6 : 115.
1888. Galium ovale R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 59. 1798. Rubia ovalis
DC. Prodr. 4: 591. 1830. Rubia diffusa Pohl ex DC. Prodr. 4:
592. 1830. Relbunium diffusum Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 6 : 111.
1888. Relbunium Bangii Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 374. 1907.

There is at hand a fragmentary specimen of what is probably
type material of Galium ovale R. & P., received from the Botanical
Garden of Berlin, and collected by Ruiz in the Huanuco region of
Peru. It agrees perfectly with material which has been referred

396 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

heretofore to Relbunium diffusum (Pohl) Schum., and it is evident,
therefore, that the latter must be reduced to synonymy.

Schumann in the Flora Brasiliensis maintained both as valid
species, separating them by their different color when dried. The
color seems to be a good distinguishing character when specimens are
dried properly. The type material of Galium ovale is rather dark,
rather than yellowish green, but I am convinced that this is merely
because Ruiz's specimen discolored somewhat from improper drying.

The species is rather common in the Andes, and occurs also in
Brazil. The following specimens have been examined:

Peru: Huanuco, Ruiz. Chaupichaca, Dept. Cuzco, Weberbauer
7827. Aina, Dept. Ayacucho, Killip & Smith 22617. Chorrillos,
Raimondi 6870 (fragm. ex herb. Berol.). Chanchamayo Valley,
Schunke 1 541 - Bolivia : Tipuani Valley, Buchtien 751 1 . Milluguaya,
Buchtien 766. Yungas, Bang 269, 518. Coripati, Bang 2154- Siru-
paya, Buchtien 252. Polopolo, Buchtien 281; in 1912, Buchtien;
Buchtien 4728. Ixiamas, R. S. Williams 27. Brazil: Curityba,
Parana, Janssan 182a (herb. Stockholm). Serra do Mar, Parana,
Dusen 14594 (Stockholm). Banhado, Parana, Janssan 63 4a (Stock-
holm). Serrinha, Parana, Dusen 3149 (Stockholm). Caldas, Minas
Geraes, Regnell I.173b (Stockholm). Serra da Cantareira, Sao Paulo,
Erode 5261 (Stockholm). Peupa, Sao Paulo, Erode 5268 (Stockholm).
Pocos de Caldas, Minas Geraes, Campos Novaes 11368 (herb. Berol.).

Schumann in the Flora Brasiliensis cites Regnell I.173b as Rel-
bunium hypocarpium, but the specimen seen by the writer is clearly
not that species.

Relbunium Malmei, sp. nov. Herba perennis ut videtur erecta
vel decumbens, e basi ramosa, caulibus gracilibus 8-^30 cm. longis
pallidis lucidis acute tetragonis dense pilis elongatis albidis patentibus
pilosis, internodiis elongatis plerumque foliis longioribus; folia quater-
nata crasse membranacea viridia in sicco fuscentia patentia sessilia
vel subsessilia lineari-oblonga vel anguste lanceolato-oblonga, 6-12
mm. longa, 2-3 mm. lata, basi acuta, apicem versus sensim angustata,
acuta, mucronata, utrinque dense pilis gracilibus patentibus longis
pilosa, subtus paullo pallidior, 1-nervia; flores in axillis solitarii,
pedicellis rectis pilosis 1-2 mm. longis; involucri phylla foliacea
lineari-oblonga 3-4.5 mm. longa subaequalia foliis conformia dense
pilosa baccam fere occultantia; corolla ut videtur alba glabra c.
1.5 mm. lata, lobis late ovato-triangularibus acutiusculis patentibus;
bacca valde didyma 1.5 mm. longa et 2-2.5 mm. lata glabra laevis.
Brazil: Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, inter frutices, loco arenoso,
September 17, 1892, G. A. Malme 42 (Herb. Stockholm, type).
Uruguay: La Sierra, Pan de Azucar, Dept. de Maldonado, October
13, 1907, W. Herter 5215 (Herb. Berol.).

STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS 397

Apparently this is a relative of Relbunium hirsutum (R. & P.)
Schum., of the Andes. That is a perennial with normally thicker
and more rigid, shorter leaves and with smaller involucral bracts.

Relbunium paulense, sp. nov. Herba ut videtur annua
humilis pauciramosa 5-9 cm. alta suberecta, caulibus gracillimis
rigidis pallidis glabris profunde 4-sulcatis, internodiis yalde abbre-
viatis foliis multo brevioribus; folia quaternata crassa rigida patentia
vel subreflexa densa anguste oblonga 4-5.5 mm. longa 1-1.8 mm.
lata basi breviter angustata sessilia, apice acuta vel acuminata et
mucronata, primo praesertim prope basin pilis paucis albis longis
ciliata, aliter glabra, obscure 1-nervia, supra lucida, marginibus plus
minusve revolutis; flores axillares solitarii, pedicellis 1-2 mm. longis
rectis vel recurvis glabris; involucri phylla 4 subaequalia viridia
oblongo-elliptica c. 1 mm. longa post anthesin paullo accrescentia
acuta mucronata, pilis paucis pallidis longis ciliata; corolla fere 1 mm.
longa glabra; bacca valde didyma glabra fere laevis c. 1.5 mm.
longa. Brazil: Campos da Bocaina, Sao Paulo, April 18, 1894,
Loefgren & Edwall 11362 (Herv. Comm. Geogr. de S. Paulo No.
2850; type in Herb. Berol.).

The species of Relbunium are for the most part well marked and
often of wide distribution. Very few new ones have been named in
recent years, because most of the material seems to be readily
associable with those described long ago. The writer is somewhat
loath to name the present plant, which is represented by complete
although not very ample material; but it seems impossible to refer
it satisfactorily to any of the species recorded from Brazil. Evidently
it is related to Relbunium ciliatum (R. & P.) Hemsl., of the Andes,
but in that the segments of the involucre are not long-ciliate. Another
closely related species is R. chaetophorum (Griseb.) Schum., of Argen-
tina, in which, however, the fruit is muriculate.

Relbunium humile (C. & S.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6 6 :
105. 1888. Galium humile C. & S. Linnaea 3: 226. 1828.

The species was based upon Sello 2979 from Brazil, the locality
at which the collection was obtained being unknown. It is of interest
to be able to record another collection of the species, which agrees
perfectly with a fragment of the type in the herbarium of Field
Museum, received from the Berlin Botanical Garden: Brazil: Porto
Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, E. M. Reineck & Josef Czermak 573
(Herb. Berol.). The plant is easy to recognize because of its excep-
tionally delicate habit, and the pale green tint assumed by the dried
foliage.

Relbunium hirtum (Lam.) Schum., var. camporum (Pohl),
var. nov. Galium camporum Pohl ex DC. Prodr. 4: 604. 1830. R.

398 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. VIII

hirtum (Lam.) Schum., subsp. b. camporum (Pohl) Schum. in Mart.
Fl. Bras. 6 6 : 108. 1888.

Relbunium hirtum (Lam.) Schum., var. reflexum (Pohl), var.
nov. Galium reflexum Pohl ex DC. Prodr. 4: 604. 1830, in syn.
R. hirtum (Lam.) Schum., subsp. c. reflexum (Pohl) Schum. in Mart.
Fl. Bras. 6 6 : 109. 1888.

Galium obovatum HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 336. pi 277. 1819.

The following additional specimens, recently examined, may be
recorded from Bolivia: Prov. Chapare, Dept. Cochabamba, 2,400 m.,
a slender plant 30-60 cm. long, Steinbach 9450. Incachaca-Chusi,
Prov. Chapare, 2,400 m., Steinbach 9155. Both specimens are in the
Stockholm herbarium.

Galium Werdermannii, sp. nov. Herba perennis dense caes-
pitosa, caulibus numerosissimis gracillimis plerumque 3-7 cm. longis
adscendentibus profunde 4-sulcatis glabris, internodiis brevissimis;
folia quaternata lanceolato-oblonga vel oblongo-ovata 2.5-3.5 mm.
longa 1-1.4 mm. lata crassa subrigida subpatentia vel adscendentia
glabra 1-nervia saepe sublucida sessilia basi obtusa vel subangustata,
apice acuta vel longiuscule sensim acuminata et mucronata, margini-
bus pallidis paullo incrassatis; flores axillares sqlitarii, pedicellis
crassiusculis glabris 1-2 mm. longis; corolla non visa; bacca glabra
didyma fere laevis c. 1.8 mm. longa et 2.2 mm. lata. Chile: Prov.
Cautin, Volcan Llaima, alt. 1,100 m., February, 1927, E. Werder-
mann 1224 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,444,795, type; fragment in herb.
Field Museum; duplicate in herb. Stockholm).

In general appearance as well as in details the plant is similar to
Galium Closianum Briquet, but the latter has so much longer and
narrower leaves that the two are not likely to be confused.

COMPOSITAE

Lagascea media (Blake), comb. nov. Nocca media Blake, Contr.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 596. 1924.

Lagascea pteropoda (Blake), comb. nov. Nocca pteropoda
Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 597. 1924.

Goldmanella sarmentosa Greenm. Bot. Gaz. 45: 198. 1908.
Goldmania sarmentosa Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 271. 1907.

The type of the single species of the genus Goldmanella was
collected at Canasayal, Campeche, Mexico. The species extends
also to British Honduras, as evidenced by the following collection:
Honey Camp, Orange Walk, September, 1928, C. L. Lundell 17.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA